This is a plain-text version of a talk I gave on April 28, 1994 to the student chapter of the ACM at the U. of Illinois (Urbana). It is based on my talks at the '93 and '94 conferences on Computers, Freedom, and Privacy (see references for details). If you have access to a WWW browser (like Mosaic or Lynx), the best version of the talk is hypertext. Its URL is http://www.eff.org/CAF/cafuiuc.html For the actual presentation, I used Mosaic live on a color Sun 2, projected on to a big screen. It worked great except for problems with X and fonts. At the very end of this document, I've added selected plain-text references. The URL for this plain-text version is ftp://ftp.eff.org/pub/CAF/statements/cafuiuc.txt - Carl ================ Computers and Academic Freedom: Sex, Censorship, and the Internet _________________________________________________________________ Carl M. Kadie kadie@eff.org, kadie@cs.uiuc.edu Abstract: Should the University carry newsgroup 'alt.sex'? Should students be punished for using vulgarities on the Net? Should Free-Nets such as PrairieNet label material as 'not suitable for children'? I'll try to answers these and similar questions by looking to the experience of public libraries, student newspapers, and the computer facilities at other universities. Next:Talk Outline ___________ OUTLINE * Introduction * Current Policies and Experience * Academic Freedom * Two Types of Acceptable Use Policies * Applying Academic Freedom to Academic Computers * Top Library Intellectual Freedom Policies * The Case of NYX * The Case of CICA * The Case of the Greek List * The Case of the Free-Net * The Case of Iowa State University * The Case of the V-Chip * The Case of CERT * The Case of K-12 * Summary and Conclusion * Resources * About This Document and Other Stuff * Plain-Text References ___________ INTRODUCTION What offensive material is out there? Let's find out ... * Search a student forum at U. of Illinois the four-letter word referring to sexual intercourse. [Expected result] * Computer search for archived material available over one of our networks. ___________ SOME POSSIBLE RESULTS ... * Complete text of the Mein Kampf * Text of the Protocols of the Elders of Zion * Instructions on how to open locks without keys * Pictures of nude women (stated purpose: to entertain men). * Extremely violent and very sexually explicit text descriptions of homicidal rape. Next: What was the student forum? What was the network? [Optional: Do some searches on your own.] ___________ WHAT WAS THE STUDENT FORUM? WHAT WAS THE NETWORK? Both were traditional university forums. * The Daily Illini * The University Library and one of its interlibrary loan networks Hitler, Adolf, 1889-1945. Mein Kampf, by Adolf Hitler, translated by Ralph Manheim. Boston, Houghton Mifflin :1971: xxi, 694 p. ; 21 cm. ISBN 0395078016. 0395083621 pbk. Protocols of the wise men of Zion. World conquest through world government : the protocols of the learned elders of Zion / translated from the Russian of Sergyei A. Nilus by Victor E. Marsden. Devon : Britons Pub. Co., c1968. 96 p., :2: pages of plates ; 19 cm. Magorian, James. Training at home to be a locksmith / James Magorian. Lincoln, Neb.: Black Oak Press, c1981. 112 p. : ill. ; 22 cm. ISBN 0930674057 Playboy. v. 1- :Dec.: 1953- :Chicago, Playboy: v. ill. (part col.), ports. (part col., part fold.) 29 cm. "Entertainment for men." ISSN 0032-1478 Ellis, Bret Easton. American psycho : a novel / by Brett Easton Ellis. 1st ed. New York: Vintage Books, c1991. 399 p. ; 20 cm. (Vintage contemporaries.) ISBN 0679735771 (pbk.) Lessons: * Extreme material on campus is not new. * Wisdom and experience may be codified in long-standing academic principles. Next: Back to the Outline [Also available: CFP '93's intro and CFP '94's intro)] ___________ CURRENT COMPUTER POLICIES AND EXPERIENCE Both suppression and expression ... * Suppression + Stanford University o rec.humor.funny on-line edited humor forum o Editorial policy: Select what is funny even if it is offensive to many. o In 1988, this joke appeared: A Jew and a Scotsman have dinner. At the end of the dinner the Scotsman is heard to say, 'I'll pay.' The newspaper headline next morning says, 'Jewish ventriloquist found dead in alley.' o MIT student Jonathan Richmond challenged rec.humor.funny o Newspaper articles, ban at the University of Waterloo. o 2 months later, ban at Stanford University Iowa State University * May 6, 1992 * University restricted rec.arts.erotica (an edited newsgroup) * Student Mark Smucker reposted 8 or 9 articles to isu.newsgroup (an open newsgroup) * Summarily expelled from his fee-supported account * E-criticism, newspaper article * Expulsion ended * Restriction continues 1992 Academic Sites with Censorship Incidents or Challenges (For details see "banned.1992") * Ball State U. * Boston U. (2) * Carnegie Mellon U. * German universities * Iowa State U. (3) * Irish universities * James Madison U. * Middle East Technical U. * North Dakota State U. * Pennsylvania State U. * Princeton * Simon Fraser U. * U. of British Columbia * U. of California at Berkeley [challenge unsuccessful] * U. of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign * U. of Manitoba * U. of Nebraska at Lincoln * U. of Newcastle * U. of Ottawa * U. of Texas * U. of Toledo * U. of Toronto [challenge unsuccessful] * U. of Wyoming * United Kingdom Net * Virginia Public Education Network * Virginia Tech * Western Washington U. (& U. of Washington) * Wilfrid Laurier U. (2) * Williams College [College not directly involved] Expression * Stanford University + Eventually reversed its ban + A report from its Academic Council Committee on Libraries: The Preamble to the [Stanford] Statement on Academic Freedom (1974) states that "Expression of the widest range of viewpoints should be encouraged, free from institutional orthodoxy and from internal or external coercion." It is the view of the Academic Council Committee on Libraries that this statement pertains to materials received on computer bulletin boards on campus. Acquisition and access to information in new forms should be subject only to financial limits and other standard criteria of collection such as the useful life of the materials, storage capacity, etc. * Explicit freedom of expression protection: + University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee + University of Toronto + University of Waterloo * Implicit is harder to measure + alt.sex is second post popular newsgroup (after news.announce.newsusers) + estimated readership of 350,000 Next: Back to the Outline [Also available: CFP '93's "Current Policies"] ___________ ACADEMIC FREEDOM Statements * AAUP, et al's "Joint Statement on the Rights and Freedoms of Students": Academic institutions exist for [...] the pursuit of truth [.] Free inquiry and free expression are indispensable[. ... S]tudents should be encouraged [...] to engage in a sustained and independent search for truth. * AAUP's "On Freedom and Expression and Campus Speech Codes": Universities [...] interpret, explore, and expand that knowledge by testing the old and proposing the new[, ...] outside the classroom [...] as much as in[. ... V]iews will be expressed that may seem to many wrong, distasteful, or offensive. Such is the nature of freedom to sift and winnow ideas. On a campus that is free and open, no idea can be banned or forbidden. No viewpoint or message may be deemed so hateful or disturbing that it may not be expressed. [... R]ules that ban or punish speech based upon its content cannot be justified. Next: Back to the Outline [Also available: CFP '93's "Academic Freedom"] ___________ TWO TYPES OF ACCEPTABLE USE POLICIES (AUP'S) Academic freedom requires that we distinguish the "Social AUP" from the "Legal AUP. * Social AUP + Material is legal + Offends you + Not enforced with official sanctions + Enforced socially o informal criticism o refutations o leaving o shunning o etc. * Legal AUP + Material is not legal + Defined with clear, formal rules + Enforced by authorities with due process We should distinguish between what we dislike and what we outlaw. Next: Back to the Outline [Also available: CFP '93's "Two AUP's"] ___________ APPLYING ACADEMIC FREEDOM TO COMPUTERS (Based on an unofficial, draft "Statement on Computers and Academic Freedom" and critiques) * The principles of intellectual freedom developed by libraries should be applied to the administration of information material on computers. (More on this in the next section.) * The principles of academic freedom applicable to student and faculty publication in traditional media, apply to student and faculty publication in computer media. + An article or note posted by a student to a newsgroup is a student publication. (The next three statements are paraphrases of the AAUP, et al's "Joint Statement on the Rights and Freedoms of Students": + "Student publications [and the publications of other users] are a valuable aid in establishing and maintaining an atmosphere of free and responsible discussion and of intellectual exploration on the campus. They are a means of bringing [...] concerns to the attention of the faculty and the institutional authorities and of formulating [...] opinion on various issues on the campus and in the world at large." + "The institutional control of campus facilities should not be used as a device of censorship." "[User publications] should be free of censorship and advance approval of copy ..." (A paraphrase of the "Joint Statement") + "All university published and financed [user] publications [can be required to state] that the opinions there expressed are not necessarily those of the college, university, or student body. [academic/student.freedoms.aaup] Next: Back to the Outline [Also available: CFP '93's "Application of AF"] ___________ TOP LIBRARY INTELLECTUAL FREEDOM POLICIES 1. 135 Library Bill of Rights 2. 117 Diversity in Collection Development 3. 104 Selection Policy Writing Workbook 4. 94 Intellectual Freedom Statement (American) 5. 85 Definition of "Censorship" and Related Terms 6. 68 Freedom to Read Statement 7. 46 Intellectual Freedom Statement (Canadian) 8. 45 Labeling 9. 19 Statement Concerning Confidentiality of Personally Identifiable Information about Library Users 10. 17 Challenged Materials 11. 13 Access for Children and Young People to Videotapes and Other Nonprint Formats 12. 10 Free Access to Libraries for Minors 13. 8 Expurgation of Library Materials 14. 7 Grade and High School Library Policy 15. 7 Restricted Access to Library Materials 16. 7 Regulations, policies, and Procedures Affecting Access to Library Resources and Services 17. 5 Policy on Confidentiality of Library Records 18. 1 Evaluating Library Collections 19. 1 Exhibit Spaces and Bulletin Boards For each illustrative real-life cases: 1. the scenario, 2. the library principles I think relevant, 3. how I think those principles should be instantiated in the case, and 4. what really happened. Next: Back to the Outline [Also available: "What is a library?" and "The Library/Netnews Analogy" discuss the applicability of library standards of academic computer facilities. Also of possible interest: CFP '94's "Top Library Intellectual Freedom Policies"and CFP '94's "Overview and Disclaimers"] ___________ THE CASE OF NYX THE SCENARIO March 12, 1994 (Saturday) * You are a CS professor at Denver U. and creator of NYX, a free public access computer service affiliated with the U. * Sunday Denver Post reports that NYX carries alt.sex.intergen * alt.sex.intergen is a newsgroup about intergenerational sexual relations * Newspaper suggests the newsgroup carries illegal material * In fact, the newsgroup just discusses "is pedophilia ok/evil" Do you kill the newsgroup? Next: "What Library Policy says ..." References * news/mar_13_1994 * Denver Post, March 13, 1994 ___________ LIBRARY POLICY SAYS: The "Library Bill of Rights" says: Materials should not be proscribed or removed because of partisan or doctrinal disapproval. So, * Don't remove something just because it is offensive to many or even to yourself * If you believe that the principles of intellectual freedom developed for libraries apply to public access computer sites, you should not remove the newsgroup. To see if NYX is still up, try telnetting to it. Next: The Rest of the Story ... References * library/bill-of-rights.ala ___________ THE REST OF THE STORY: * Sys Op Andrew Burt declined to kill the newsgroup * Last I checked, NYX is still on-line * The Denver Post has received faxes critical of its one-sided reporting Next: Back to the Outline [Also available: CFP '94's "The Case of NYX"] ___________ THE CASE OF CICA THE SCENARIO January 2, 1994 - February 6, 1994 * You're a computer staffer at Indiana U. and creator of the CICA on-line archive * The archive is the most popular Microsoft-Windows-software archive in the World * You work on the archive on your own time * The U. provides significant computer and network resources * Someone submits a Windows hypertext version of Fanny Hill, the 18th century sexual novel * Someone else says that having Fanny Hill on the Net violates New Zealand law * You fear the University considers sexual subject matter unacceptable How should you decide whether to include Fanny Hill in your collection? Next: "What Library Policy says ..." References * The Chronicle of Higher Education, January 29, 1994 * Sunday Times-Harold, Bloomington, Indiana, February 6, 1994 * news/jan_02_1994 * news/jan_09_1994 * news/jan_09_1994.html * news/jan_30_1994 * news/feb_06_1994 * news/feb_13_1994 ___________ LIBRARY POLICY SAYS: The American Library Association's statement on "Challenged Materials" says: [I]t is the responsibility of every library to have a clearly defined materials selection policy in written form which reflects the LIBRARY BILL OF RIGHTS, and which is approved by the appropriate governing authority. The American Library Association's Workbook for Selection Policy Writing lists "legitimate" selection criteria (with respect to intellectual freedom). Some are: * contribution the subject matter makes to the curriculum and to the interests of the students * contribution the material makes to breath of representative viewpoints on controversial issues * high degree of potential user appeal * value commensurate with cost and/or need "Offensiveness" is not considered a legitimate The "Freedom to Read" statement of the ALA and others says: There is no place in our society for efforts [...] to confine adults to the reading matter deemed suitable for adolescents [...]. You, the CICA archivist, should clarify your authority, create a selection policy consistent with intellectual freedom, and apply it fairly. Next: The Rest of the Story ... References * library/challenged-materials.ala * library/selection-workbook.ala * library/freedom-to-read.ala ___________ THE REST OF THE STORY: The CICA archivist created this selection policy: As is a standard practice with most anonymous-ftp sites (that are supported with funds from an independent host institution), certain programs, files, or software are outside the general scope of archive operations, and therefore will NOT be accepted. These files include (but are not limited to) any software: containing political, religious, racist, ethnic, or other prejudiced or discriminatory messages therein; that is adult or sexually-explicit in nature; otherwise considered unsuitable by the site moderator. Critique: * Does not clarify authority * Violates intellectual freedom standards * Is not applied fairly (e.g. The Bible) Next: Back to the Outline [Also available: CFP '94's "The Case of CICA"] References * news/jan_30_1994 ___________ THE CASE OF THE GREEK LIST THE SCENARIO July 1993 * You are a sys admin at Brown U., American U., or the U. of Georgia * Your site is a node for the Hellas (Greek) mailing list * You have just received Email from Dr. Georgious, the sys admin at the Democritus National Research Center in Athens, Greece * He says he is suing your U. because people on Hellas "libel, slander, defame his character" and cause him "great emotional stress, and problems with his family and friends." What do you do? Next: "What Library Policy says ..." References * news/jul_18_1993 * news/jul_18_1993 ___________ LIBRARY POLICY SAYS: The American Library Association's "Intellectual Freedom Statement" says: We need not endorse every idea contained in the materials we produce and make available. The statement on "Challenged Materials" says: Freedom of expression is protected by the Constitution of the United States, but constitutionally protected expression is often separated from unprotected expression only by a dim and uncertain line. The Constitution requires a procedure designed to focus searchingly on challenged expression before it can be suppressed. An adversary hearing is a part of this procedure. You should get advice from the university legal counsel. No action should be taken because of a one-sided legal threat. Next: The Rest of the Story ... References * library/int-freedom.ala * library/challenged-materials.ala ___________ THE REST OF THE STORY: * Within a day all three sys admin shut down their Hellas node * Then, shut-out forum participants spoke up * They said Hellas did talk about the censorship, privacy violations, and arbitrary punishment at the DNRC * They said this was legitimate and should not be censored As of July 13, 1993, two of the sites restored their nodes. Next: Back to the Outline [Also available: CFP '94's "The Case of the Greek List"] References * news/jul_18_1993 ___________ THE CASE OF THE FREE-NET THE SCENARIO Pre-1991 * You are on the organizing committee of the Cleveland Free-Net * The Free-Net mission: to provide free computer and network resources to the community * Some parents may not want their kids to access some of the more "adult" resources * Ohio may have a "harmful to minors law" What do you do? Next: "What Library Policy says ..." References * news/cafv01n32 ___________ LIBRARY POLICY SAYS: The ALA "Library Bill of Rights" says: A person's right to use a library should not be denied or abridged because of origin, age, background, or views. The ALA's "Free Access to Libraries for Minors" says: . . .[P]arents - and only parents - have the right and the responsibility to restrict the access of their children - and only their children - to library resources. [...] Librarians and governing bodies cannot assume the role of parents or the functions of parental authority in the private relationship between parent and child. The ALA's "Access for Children and Young People to Videotapes and Other Nonprint Formats" says: ALA acknowledges and supports the exercise by parents of their responsibility to guide their own children's reading and viewing. The "Freedom to Read" statement says: There is no place in our society for efforts to coerce the taste of others, to confine adults to the reading matter deemed suitable for adolescents, or to inhibit the efforts of writers to achieve artistic expression. The Intellectual Freedom Statement says: With every available legal means, we will challenge laws or governmental action restricting or prohibiting the publication of certain materials or limiting free access to such materials. So, * Don't ban so-called adult material * Don't stop access by minors unless your competent legal advisor says you must * Lobby to repeal so-called "harmful to minor" laws (especially as applied to not-for-profit information providers) Next: The Rest of the Story ... References * library/bill-of-rights.ala * library/access.minors.ala * library/access.children.nonprint.ala * library/freedom-to-read.ala * library/int-freedom.ala ___________ THE REST OF THE STORY: As of 1991, the Cleveland Free-Net: * Segregates adult material * For access, users must certify + 18 years old, or + have parents permission I believe other Free-Nets ban all adult material. Next: Back to the Outline [Also available: CFP '94's "The Case of the Free-Net"] ___________ THE CASE OF IOWA STATE UNIVERSITY THE SCENARIO February 1992 - present * You are a professor at Iowa State U. * Your computer admins have changed the Netnews facilities * Users can now access sex-related newsgroups (e.g. alt.sex) only + from a computer account on a special computer, and + after "acknowledg[ing] their responsibility in access, using, and distributing material from it" (by signing a statement) Some people say the university's action is OK because anyone who want access can get it. What do you think? Next: "What Library Policy says ..." References * news/cafv02n11 * news/cafv02n08 * news/cafv02n30 * banned.1992 * ftp://ftp.iastate.edu/pub/netinfo/news/ ___________ LIBRARY POLICY SAYS: ALA's "Books/Materials Challenge Terminology" statement says "censorship" is: The change in the access status of material, made by a governing authority or its representatives. Such changes include: exclusion, restriction, removal, or age/grade level changes. The ALA "Restricted Access to Library Materials" says: Attempts to restrict access to library materials violate the basic tenets of the LIBRARY BILL OF RIGHTS. [...] In any situation which restricts access to certain materials, a barrier is placed between the patron and those materials. [...] Because restricted collections often are composed of materials which some library patrons consider objectionable, the potential user may be predisposed to think of the materials as objectionable and, therefore, are reluctant to ask for them. Next: The Rest of the Story ... References * library/censorship.def.ala * library/access.restrictons.ala ___________ THE REST OF THE STORY: The restrictions at Iowa State University continue. Next: Back to the Outline [Also available: CFP '94's "The Case of Iowa State University"] ___________ THE CASE OF THE V-CHIP THE SCENARIO May 1993 - present * You are United States Congressperson * Congressman Markey has introduced the "V-Chip" bill * Under this bill, + Broadcasters must send a violence signal when ever they depict "violence" + New TV's must have a violence-signal detection chip + When the chip is enabled, say, by a parent, the TV blanks the screen Do you support the bill? Next: "What Library Policy says ..." References * HR.2888 & S.1811 * Washington Post, February 4, 1994, "TV to Name Violence Monitors; Some on Hill Say Move Isn't Enough" * BNA Daily Report for Executives 8/6/93 A23 * Newsbytes, May 13 1993, "Proposal Sees Chip Blocking TV Violence" ___________ LIBRARY POLICY SAYS: The American Library Association's "Statements on Labeling" says: Labeling is the practice of describing or designating materials by affixing a prejudicial label and/or segregating them by a prejudicial system. The American Library Association opposes these means of predisposing people's attitudes toward library materials for the following reasons: Labeling is an attempt to prejudice attitudes and as such, it is a censor's tool.[...] You should oppose the bill. Next: The Rest of the Story ... References * library/labeling.ala ___________ THE REST OF THE STORY: The bill is in committee. Next: Back to the Outline [Also available: CFP '94's "The Case of the V-Chip"] ___________ THE CASE OF CERT THE SCENARIO December, 1992 - present * You are a U. computer sys admin * CERT (the Computer Emergency Response Team) suggests a sign-in message that says (in part): Individuals using this computer ... in excess of their authority are subject to having all of their activities on this system monitored and recorded [...] In the course of monitoring individuals improperly using this system, or in the course of system maintenance, the activities of authorized users may also be monitored. ... Anyone using this system expressly consents to such monitoring and is advised that if such monitoring reveals possible evidence of criminal activity, system personnel may provide the evidence of such monitoring to law enforcement officials. Do you put a sign-in message on your system? Next: "What Library Policy says ..." References * policies/cert.org * news/cafv02n62 * news/cafv02n63 * news/cafv02n64 * news/cafv02n65 * news/cafv03n01 * news/cafv03n09 * news/nov_07_1993 * news/nov_14_1993 * news/nov_28_1993 ___________ LIBRARY POLICY SAYS: The ALA's "Statement Concerning Confidentiality of Personally Identifiable Information about Library Users" says: The First Amendment [...] requires [... that] the corresponding rights to hear what is spoken and read what is written be preserved, free from fear of government intrusion, intimidation or reprisal. [...] If there is a reasonable basis to believe such records are necessary to the progress of an investigation or prosecution, our judicial system provides the mechanism for seeking release of such confidential records: the issuance of a court order, following a showing of good cause based on specific facts, by a court of competent jurisdiction. So, * Reject the CERT suggested message -- Users should not lose all their privacy based on your personal determination about "in excess of their authority" * Work with the U. Legal Counsel and U. policy makers to: + See if needed + Make as narrow as necessary Next: The Rest of the Story ... References * library/confidentiality.2.ala * policies/cert.org.critique ___________ THE REST OF THE STORY: At least the following school's have adopted a variant of the CERT banner: * Salt Lake Community College * Northwestern U. * an anonymous state university * Weber State U. * Stevens Institute of Technology * U. of Michigan * Arizona State University * Worcester Polytechnic Institute * U. of South Florida * Northern Arizona University Next: Back to the Outline [Also available: CFP '94's "The Case of CERT"] References * policies/cert.org ___________ THE CASE OF K-12 THE SCENARIO January 1993 * You are a sys admin at the U. of Kentucky * Goal: Provide a Netnews newsfeed to high schools * You and the teachers have decided: + Not to provide alt.sex, but + If possible, to provide newsgroup news.answers * Problem: The alt.sex FAQ (Frequently Asked Questions) file appears in news.answers Should you filter out the alt.sex FAQ from news.answers before passing it on? Next: "What Library Policy says ..." References * batch/jan_17_1993 * batch/jan_24_1993 ___________ LIBRARY POLICY SAYS: The ALA statement "Expurgation of Library Materials" says: Expurgating library materials is a violation of the LIBRARY BILL OF RIGHTS. Expurgation [...] includes any deletion [or] excision [...] of any part(s) of books or other library resources by the library[. ...] By such expurgation, the library is in effect denying access to the complete work and the entire spectrum of ideas that the work intended to express. You should not remove the FAQ. (And if you do, you should at least change the name of the resulting newsgroup so that readers know that it is being censored.) Next: The Rest of the Story ... References * library/expurgation.ala ___________ THE REST OF THE STORY: As of January 1993, the U. of Kentucky was providing an expurgated feed with no notice to its readers. Next: Back to the Outline [Also available: CFP '94's "The Case of K-12"] ___________ SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION * Issues of content on campus are not new * Freedom of expression and freedom to read are central to the academic mission * Treat computer facilities like traditional forums and facilities * Don't punish those who violate the Social AUP with institutional sanctions I would like you do: 1. Get a copy of this talk for reference (And share it). 2. Report any incidents to the alt.comp.acad-freedom.talk newsgroup or via email to caf-talk@eff.org. 3. Join the discussion 4. If you are a sys admin, lead the defense of intellectual freedom (the way that librarians do). 5. With one line of text, a university can bring 100 years of intellectual-freedom experience to its computers. From the University of Wisconsin at Milwaulkee's Netnews policy: [T]he same standards and principles of intellectual and academic freedom developed for university libraries be applied to material received from the news network. One more thing, I couldn't end an interactive presentation on sex and the Internet without showing a nude picture. To see picture of a nude girl bathing click here and then select "a girl washing". Or click here] Next: Back to the Outline [Also available: CFP '93's "Conclusion" and CFP '94's "Conclusion"] ___________ RESOURCES This document is available via WWW/Mosaic from the CAF Archive as http://www.eff.org/CAF/cafuiuc.html. The plain text version is ftp://ftp.eff.org/pub/CAF/statements/cafuiuc.txt. Via gopher as gopher -p1/CAF gopher.eff.org then select "Academic Freedom Statements" and "Sex, Censorship, and the Internet". Via anonymous ftp to ftp.eff.org, directory /pub/CAF/statements, file cafuiuc.txt. Other files of possible interest are /pub/CAF/README and /pub/CAF/caf. For email access, send email to ftpmail@decwrl.dec.com. Include the lines: connect ftp.eff.org get caf get README cd /pub/CAF/statements get cafuiuc.txt Next: Back to the Outline [Also available: CFP '93's "Conclusion" and CFP '94's "Conclusion"] ___________ ABOUT THIS DOCUMENT AND OTHER STUFF These are the appendices of the talk. Some of the sections are material that didn't fit, other is local back ups in case links to the outside don't work. * The Story behind the Story * How to present, for example, this talk on a color Sun * About "Autojoke" * Introductory Joke * Emergency Joke * gopher://gopher.uiuc.edu/77/UI/DI/1994/.waisindex/indexg?fuck * Girl Washing by Degas Back to the Outline ___________ THE STORY BEHIND THE STORY This document was prepared for a presentation to the student chapter the ACM at U. of Illinois on April 28, 1994. It was intended to cover both the application academic-freedom and library-intellectual-freedom to academic and public computer facilities. It is based on two previous talks/papers: cfp93.kadie and cfp94.kadie). Plain text version of all three papers are available via ftp as ftp://ftp.eff.org/pub/CAF/statements/cafuiuc.txt, ftp://ftp.eff.org/pub/CAF/statements/cfp93.kadie, and ftp://ftp.eff.org/pub/CAF/statements/cfp94.kadie The presentation was on a Sun 2, running X11r4 and Mosiac. The main glitch was that we couldn't get all the fonts I wanted installed in time. Back to "About This Document and Other Stuff" Back to the Outline ___________ HOW TO PRESENT, FOR EXAMPLE, THIS TALK ON A COLOR SUN Principles: * Put the text of the whole talk in one file so that the presentation easier to edit, print, and read later. * Don't depend on outside links. Create local links that you can use if the outside links don't work. * Put a big GIF graphic between "pages" so that the audience can't see ahead. Replace this with a small graphic when you archive the talk, so that later readers can read more easily. * Create and use an outline. Show the outline, jump to a section, jump back to the outline, jump to the next section, etc. This lets the audience know where they are in the talk, positions each section well on the screen, and makes on-the-fly navigation easy, and avoids references from one section to another. * Test on the actual machine you will be doing the presentation on before the talk. Things like fonts can easily be different from one machine to another. Details: * Get local copies of http://www.eff.org/CAF/cafuiuc.html http://www.eff.org/CAF/caf.gif http://www.eff.org/CAF/scilogo.gif http://www.eff.org/CAF/degas.gif (You don't want a presentation to depend on the Network or another computer). Also get http://www.eff.org/CAF/bigblue.gif but rename it pageend.gif * Change Mosaic's parameters. On Unix this is done by creating a file with the parameters you want, for example slideparms =============== slideparms ============== Mosaic*Foreground: white Mosaic*Background: blue Mosaic*anchorColor: red Mosaic*visitedAnchorColor: red Mosaic*activeAnchorFG: red Mosaic*activeAnchorBG: red Mosaic*font: -adobe-helvetica-*-r-normal-*-25-*-*-*-*-*-* Mosaic*italicFont: -adobe-helvetica-*-*-normal-*-25-*-*-*-*-*-* Mosaic*boldFont: -adobe-helvetica-bold-r-*-*-25-*-*-*-*-*-* Mosaic*fixedFont: -adobe-courier-*-r-normal-*-25-*-*-*-*-*-* Mosaic*plainFont: -adobe-courier-*-r-normal-*-25-*-*-*-*-*-* Mosaic*addressFont: -adobe-helvetica-*-r-normal-*-25-*-*-*-*-*-* Mosaic*listingFont: -adobe-helvetica-*-r-normal-*-25-*-*-*-*-*-* Mosaic*header1Font: -adobe-new century schoolbook-bold-r-*-34-*-*-*-*-*-* Mosaic*header2Font: -adobe-helvetica-*-r-normal-*-25-*-*-*-*-*-* Mosaic*header3Font: -adobe-helvetica-*-r-normal-*-25-*-*-*-*-*-* Mosaic*header4Font: -adobe-helvetica-*-r-normal-*-25-*-*-*-*-*-* Mosaic*header5Font: -adobe-helvetica-*-r-normal-*-25-*-*-*-*-*-* Mosaic*header6Font: -adobe-helvetica-*-r-normal-*-25-*-*-*-*-*-* Mosaic*annotationsOnTop: True Mosaic*defaultHeight: 850 Mosaic*defaultWidth: 1150 ========================= Then run the command xrdb -merge slideparms and quit and restart Mosaic. * Use Mosiac's File/Open Local menus to load the presentation file. Back to "About This Document and Other Stuff" Back to the Outline ___________ ABOUT "AUTOJOKE" [I thought it might be funny to introduce the talk with a joke and to "automate" the process of selecting a joke. An emergency joke is needed in case the Net is down. I eventually chose a different introduction. Here is what the "autojoke" would have looked like: INTRODUCTORY JOKE Select a joke source, then select a joke: * rec.humor.funny * rec.humor * emergency joke Back to "About This Document and Other Stuff" Back to the Outline ___________ EMERGENCY JOKE Mon, 25 Apr 94 19:30:03 EDT dodson@wagner.convex.com (Dave Dodson) I DIDN'T KNOW I COULD DO THAT! Newsgroups: rec.humor.funny From the Dallas Morning News: A prospective juror in a Dallas District Court was surprised by the definition of voluntary manslaughter given the panel: "an intentional killing that occurs while the defendant is under the immediate influence of sudden passion arising from an adequate cause, such as when a spouse's mate is found in a 'compromising position.'" "See, I have a problem with that passion business," responded the jury candidate. "During my first marriage, I came in and found my husband in bed with my neighbor. All I did was divorce him. I had no idea that I could have shot him." She wasn't selected for the jury. ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Dave Dodson dodson@convex.com Convex Computer Corporation Richardson, Texas (214) 497-4234 -- Selected by Maddi Hausmann Sojourner. MAIL your joke to funny@clarinet.com. Attribute the joke's source if at all possible. A Daemon will auto-reply. Remember: Always give your jokes a descriptive "Subject:" line. Don't use "joke" or "submission" or "joke submission," please. Back to "About This Document and Other Stuff" Back to the Outline ___________ GOPHER://GOPHER.UIUC.EDU/77/UI/DI/1994/.WAISINDEX/INDEXG?FUCK GOPHER MENU * Page 8, Beck, Mellow Gold (1994/Apr/1) * Page 9, Suburban Like Me (1994/Jan/28) * Page 14, A nice place to visit but I wouldn't want (1994/Jan/25) * Page 2, From the Sean T. Files... (1994/Jan/19) * Page 8, Nine Inch Nails, The Downward Spiral (1994/Mar/25) * Page 8, Frankie Goes To Hollywood, Bang!... (1994/Mar/25) * Page 13, Smut curve finally gets the best of ex-su (1994/Apr/6) Back to "About This Document and Other Stuff" Back to the Outline ___________ GIRL WASHING BY DEGAS [Image by Degas goes here] Source: http://www.ncsa.uiuc.edu/SDG/Experimental/anu-art-history/prints.image s.html Back to "About This Document and Other Stuff" Back to the Outline ___________ =============== PLAIN TEXT REFERENCES ANNOTATED REFERENCES (All these documents are available on-line. Access information follows.) ================= academic/speech-codes.aaup ================= * Speech Codes (AAUP) On Freedom of Expression and Campus Speech Codes Expression - An official statement of the American Association of University Professors (AAUP) It says in part: "On a campus that is free and open, no idea can be banned or forbidden. No viewpoint or message may be deemed so hateful or disturbing that it may not be expressed." ================= academic/student.freedoms.aaup ================= * Student Freedoms (AAUP) Joint Statement on Rights and Freedoms of Students -- This is the main U.S. statement on student academic freedom. ================= banned.1992 ================= * Computer material that was banned/challenged in academia in 1992 A list of computer material that was banned or challenged in academia in 1992. The institutions mentioned are: Ball State U., Boston U. (2), Carnegie Mellon U., German universities, Iowa State U. (3), Irish universities, James Madison U., Middle East Technical U., North Dakota State U., Pennsylvania State U., Princeton, Simon Fraser U., U. of British Columbia, U. of California at Berkeley *, U. of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, U. of Manitoba, U. of Nebraska at Lincoln, U. of Newcastle, U. of Ottawa, U. of Texas, U. of Toledo, U. of Toronto *, U. of Wyoming, United Kingdom Net, Virginia Public Education Network, Virginia Tech, Western Washington U. (& U. of Washington), Wilfrid Laurier U. (2), Williams College ** ======== * Site of an unsuccessful challenge ** College not directly involved. ================= batch/jan_17_1993 ================= [No annotation available.] ================= batch/jan_24_1993 ================= [No annotation available.] ================= library/access.children.nonprint.ala ================= * Access for Young People to Nonprint Material (ALA) "Access for Children and Young People to Videotapes and Other Nonprint Formats" An interpretation by the American Library Association of the "Library Bill of Rights" ================= library/access.minors.ala ================= * Free Access to Libraries for Minors (ALA) An interpretation by the American Library Association of the "Library Bill of Rights" ================= library/access.policies.ala ================= * Access Policies (ALA) "Regulations, policies, and Procedures Affecting Access to Library Resources and Services" An interpretation by the American Library Association of the "Library Bill of Rights" ================= library/access.restrictions.ala ================= * Restricted Access to Library Materials (ALA) An interpretation by the American Library Association of the "Library Bill of Rights" It says in part: "In any situation which restricts access to certain materials, a barrier is placed between the patron and those materials. That barrier may be age related, linguistic, economic, or psychological in nature." ... "Because restricted collections often are composed of materials which some library patrons consider 'objectionable,' the potential user may be predisposed to think of the materials as 'objectionable' and, therefore, are reluctant to ask for them." ================= library/bill-of-rights.ala ================= * Library Bill of Rights (ALA) ================= library/bulletin-boards.ala ================= * Exhibit Spaces and Bulletin Boards (ALA) An interpretation by the American Library Association of the "Library Bill of Rights" ================= library/censorship.def.ala ================= * Definition of "Censorship" and Related Terms (ALA) ================= library/challenged-materials.ala ================= * Challenged Materials (ALA) An interpretation by the American Library Association of the "Library Bill of Rights". It says in part "The Constitution requires a procedure designed to focus searchingly on challenged expression before it can be suppressed. An adversary hearing is a part of this procedure." ================= library/confidentiality.1.ala ================= * Confidentiality -- 1 (ALA) The American Library Association's "Policy on Confidentiality of Library Records" ================= library/confidentiality.2.ala ================= * Confidentiality -- 2 (ALA) The American Library Association's "Statement Concerning Confidentiality of Personally Identifiable Information about Library Users" ================= library/diversity.ala ================= * Diversity in Collection Development (ALA) An interpretation by the American Library Association of the "Library Bill of Rights" It says that collections should be inclusive, not exclusive. And that materials should cover the needs and interest of all patrons. "This includes materials that reflect political, economic, religious, social, minority, and sexual issues." ================= library/evaluating-collections.ala ================= * Evaluating Library Collections (ALA) An interpretation by the American Library Association of the "Library Bill of Rights" ================= library/expurgation.ala ================= * Expurgation of Library Materials (ALA) An interpretation by the American Library Association of the "Library Bill of Rights". It says in part: "By such expurgation, the library is in effect denying access to the complete work and the entire spectrum of ideas that the work intended to express. ... Further, expurgation without written permission from the holder of the copyright on the material may violate the copyright provisions of the United States Code." ================= library/freedom-to-read.ala ================= * Freedom to Read Statement (ALA) and Association of American Publishers. It says in part: "We trust Americans to recognize propaganda, and to reject it. We do not believe they need the help of censors to assist them in this task. We do not believe they are prepared to sacrifice their heritage of a free press in order to be "protected" against what others think may be bad for them. We believe they still favor free enterprise in ideas and expression." ================= library/int-freedom.ala ================= * Intellectual Freedom Statement -- American Library Assoc An interpretation by the American Library Association of the "Library Bill of Rights" ================= library/int-freedom.can ================= * Intellectual Freedom Statement -- Canadian Library Assoc ================= library/labeling.ala ================= * Labeling (ALA) An interpretation by the American Library Association of the "Library Bill of Rights" It gives three reasons why labeling is bad. The first is that "[l]abeling is an attempt to prejudice attitudes and as such, it is a censor's tool." ================= library/library-netnews-analogy ================= * The Library/Netnews analogy (C. M. Kadie) An article from CAF-News 1.30. Carl Kadie tries to clarify the analogy between a traditional library and a computer. The note says that Netnews should compared to a library, rather it should be compared to the set of publications from which a library selects. The note also includes the Hypothetical Netnews Bill of Rights, a modification of the ALA's Library Bill of Rights. ================= library/school-libraries.ala ================= * Grade and High School Library Policy (ALA) It says that the principles of the Library Bill of Rights apply to school libraries. The statement's full title is "Access to Resources And Services in the School Library Media Program". It is an interpretation by the American Library Association of the "Library Bill of Rights". ================= library/selection-workbook.ala ================= * Selection Policy Writing Workbook (ALA) The American Library Association's "Workbook on Selection Policy Writing". Although aimed at textbook and library book selection in grade and high schools, it also seems applicable to newsgroup selection. It includes information about how create a selection policy and how to handle complaints. It also includes a sample selection policy. ================= news/cafv01n32 ================= [No annotation available.] ================= news/cafv02n08 ================= [No annotation available.] ================= news/cafv02n11 ================= [No annotation available.] ================= news/cafv02n30 ================= [No annotation available.] ================= news/cafv02n62 ================= [No annotation available.] ================= news/cafv02n63 ================= [No annotation available.] ================= news/cafv02n64 ================= [No annotation available.] ================= news/cafv02n65 ================= [No annotation available.] ================= news/cafv03n01 ================= [No annotation available.] ================= news/cafv03n09 ================= [No annotation available.] ================= news/feb_06_1994 ================= [No annotation available.] ================= news/feb_13_1994 ================= [No annotation available.] ================= news/jan_02_1994 ================= [No annotation available.] ================= news/jan_09_1994 ================= [No annotation available.] ================= news/jan_30_1994 ================= [No annotation available.] ================= news/jul_18_1993 ================= [No annotation available.] ================= news/mar_13_1994 ================= [No annotation available.] ================= news/nov_07_1993 ================= [No annotation available.] ================= news/nov_14_1993 ================= [No annotation available.] ================= news/nov_28_1993 ================= [No annotation available.] ================= policies/cert.org ================= * Org -- CERT -- An example login disclaimer The original CERT example login disclaimer and 10 actual login disclaimers. See cert.org.critique for a suggested replacement disclaimers. ================= policies/cert.org.critique ================= * Org -- CERT -- A critique and draft replacements 1 A critique of the CERT example policy (policies/cert.org) and some suggested replacement policies. ================= statements/caf-statement.critique ================= * Computer and Academic Freedom Statement -- Draft -- Critique This is a critique of an attempt to codify the application of academic freedom to academic computers. It reflects our seven months of on-line discussion about computers and academic freedom. It covers free expression, due process, privacy, and user participation. Additional comments and suggestions are very welcome (especially when posted to CAF-talk). All the documents referenced are available on-line. ================= statements/cafuiuc.txt ================= * "Sex, Censorship, and the Internet" by Carl M. Kadie Presented to the Student Chapter of the ACM on April 28, 1994. If you have access to WWW/Mosaic, the best version of this paper is http://www.eff.org/CAF/cafuiuc.html. The talk covers both the application academic-freedom and library-intellectual-freedom to academic and public computer facilities. It is based on "cfp93.kadie" and "cfp94.kadie". ================= statements/cfp94.kadie ================= * "Applying Library Intellectual Freedom Principles to Computers" by Carl Kadie Presented at the Fourth Conference on Computers, Freedom, and Privacy, in Chicago, March 1994. If you have access to WWW/Mosaic, the best version of this paper is http://www.eff.org/CAF/cfp94.kadie.html. The talk covers newsgroup selection at public access systems, file selection at ftp archives, complaints to the hosts of mailing lists, so-called adult material at Free-Nets, access restrictions on newsgroups, labeling TV shows as "violent", the CERT banner and privacy, and filtering newsfeeds for grade and high schools. ================= statements/stanford.statements ================= * Edu -- Stanford U. -- Netnews Selection Statements "In 1989 rec.humor.funny was suppressed in some of the Stanford University computers. After a campaign it was re-installed in those computers." This file contains 1) the "Statement of Protest about the AIR Censorship of rec.humor.funny" 2) a statement by the Stanford faculty committee on libraries 3) Notes from Professor John McCarthy on how censorship was fought at Stanford (also see "pub/academic/cases/jmcabstract") ================= ================= If you have gopher, you can browse the CAF archive with the command gopher gopher.eff.org These document(s) are also available by anonymous ftp (the preferred method) and by email. To get the file(s) via ftp, do an anonymous ftp to ftp.eff.org (192.77.172.4), and then: cd /pub/CAF/academic get speech-codes.aaup cd /pub/CAF/academic get student.freedoms.aaup cd /pub/CAF get banned.1992 cd /pub/CAF/batch get jan_17_1993 cd /pub/CAF/batch get jan_24_1993 cd /pub/CAF/library get access.children.nonprint.ala cd /pub/CAF/library get access.minors.ala cd /pub/CAF/library get access.policies.ala cd /pub/CAF/library get access.restrictions.ala cd /pub/CAF/library get bill-of-rights.ala cd /pub/CAF/library get bulletin-boards.ala cd /pub/CAF/library get censorship.def.ala cd /pub/CAF/library get challenged-materials.ala cd /pub/CAF/library get confidentiality.1.ala cd /pub/CAF/library get confidentiality.2.ala cd /pub/CAF/library get diversity.ala cd /pub/CAF/library get evaluating-collections.ala cd /pub/CAF/library get expurgation.ala cd /pub/CAF/library get freedom-to-read.ala cd /pub/CAF/library get int-freedom.ala cd /pub/CAF/library get int-freedom.can cd /pub/CAF/library get labeling.ala cd /pub/CAF/library get library-netnews-analogy cd /pub/CAF/library get school-libraries.ala cd /pub/CAF/library get selection-workbook.ala cd /pub/CAF/news get cafv01n32 cd /pub/CAF/news get cafv02n08 cd /pub/CAF/news get cafv02n11 cd /pub/CAF/news get cafv02n30 cd /pub/CAF/news get cafv02n62 cd /pub/CAF/news get cafv02n63 cd /pub/CAF/news get cafv02n64 cd /pub/CAF/news get cafv02n65 cd /pub/CAF/news get cafv03n01 cd /pub/CAF/news get cafv03n09 cd /pub/CAF/news get feb_06_1994 cd /pub/CAF/news get feb_13_1994 cd /pub/CAF/news get jan_02_1994 cd /pub/CAF/news get jan_09_1994 cd /pub/CAF/news get jan_30_1994 cd /pub/CAF/news get jul_18_1993 cd /pub/CAF/news get mar_13_1994 cd /pub/CAF/news get nov_07_1993 cd /pub/CAF/news get nov_14_1993 cd /pub/CAF/news get nov_28_1993 cd /pub/CAF/policies get cert.org cd /pub/CAF/policies get cert.org.critique cd /pub/CAF/statements get caf-statement.critique cd /pub/CAF/statements get cafuiuc.txt cd /pub/CAF/statements get cfp94.kadie cd /pub/CAF/statements get stanford.statements To get the file(s) by email, send email to ftpmail@decwrl.dec.com Include the line(s): connect ftp.eff.org cd /pub/CAF/academic get speech-codes.aaup and so on.