Acknowledgement
We wish to express our very sincere appreciation to all the
individuals who participated in this project by providing
information via surveys, telephone conversations, and electronic
mail.
A very special thanks to John Clement, EDUCOM; Barbara Kurshan,
Educorp Consultants; Sylvia Charp, T.H.E. Journal; and Lauren
Williams, Triangle Coalition for Technology and Science, for
serving in an advisory capacity and for providing direction to
the project
We also wish to thank the IBM Corporation for a donation that
partially funded this research project.
Thomas R. McAnge, Jr.
Project Coordinator
Introduction
In January 1990, EDUCOM and IBM Corporation undertook a fact-
finding project to examine the current status of computer
networking in K12 education, including ways in which network
linkages are impacting educational tasks. The project originated
with Ken King, President of EDUCOM; Sam Matsa, University
Relations, IBM; Robert Heterick, Vice President, Information
Systems, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, and
Gary Augustson. Executive Director, Computer and Information
Systems, Pennsylvania State University, all of whom share the
vision and commitment to foster a global community by
electronically linking university faculty, K- 12 educators, and
students at all educational levels.
The fact-finding project of current and planned network
activities was conducted by a research group at Virginia
Polytechnic Institute and State University. This document
summarizes and reports the results of that research under the
following sections.
Student Activities. Several examples of the impact of
telecommunications on the educational experiences of children are
documented in this section. The reader can't help but share the
enthusiasm generated by these activities.
States' Educational Computer Networks. This section contains the
bulk of the research findings which are grouped into four
categories. Statewide Networks refers to networks in which nearly
every school in the state is connected; Intrastate Networks
refers to those networks that are available to every school or
school district in the state and the option of connection rests
with the school or school district; Networking Projects refers to
those networks that exist to support a specific function, i.e.,
first-year teacher support, science classes, or those that now
function as a pilot projects within the state; and, finally,
Proposed Networks refers to networks that are still in the
planning stages or are not yet fully operational.
Public Access Networks and Databases. This section is devoted to
the wide variety of networks and databases available to
supplement the educational needs of K-12 nationwide. These
services are offered by many types of agencies, including non-
profit organizations, private corporations, universities, and the
federal government.
The objective of this study was to gather information and report
current networking activities. The process, more so than the
findings, led to a number of observations. First, the
proliferation of computers in secondary schools has created an
increased interest with linking to resources at all educational
levels. Second, there is no doubt that telecommunications
activities provide useful educational experiences. Thus, a
telecommunications network that fosters an exchange of ideas
among educators and allows students greater access to academic
data, located at universities, is inevitable. Finally, it is also
apparent that, given the fragmentation of the current networking
environment, an avenue is needed for interested parties to
coordinate their activities.
Student Activities
Walpole,
Massachusetts
"Why are there fewer pets in a certain small Louisiana town than
there are in Walpole, Massachusetts? Mrs. Griffith's fourth grade
class sits in deep thought. They had already gathered the data,
talked about classifying it, and through their telecommunications
network, compared the findings with their Louisiana counterparts.
"Hands soon shot up. One thinks the difference has to do with
climate. Another that parental attitudes are more restrictive.
Still another thinks the Louisiana town might be poorer. 'I
know,' shouts Joshua a student classified learning disabled. 'I
bet it has nothing at all to do with that stuff. I bet that
school is in a place where there's government housing, and that
the kids can't have any pets.'
"Mrs. Griffith and the rest of the class seem stunned. Not only
had no one thought of this as a possible (and plausible)
explanation, but no one had expected Joshua to think of it.
The students got busy. At Joshua's lead, they contacted their
Louisiana counterparts, and much to everyone's amazement,
discovered that Joshua had been right. The Louisiana town does
have a large proportion of its population housed in government
housing, and yes, there are very explicit restrictions against
owning pets.
"No one looks at Joshua the same way anymore. Especially Joshua.
Buoyed by his success, he begins assuming a more assertive role
in his small team."l
1)Bruce Goldberg, "Restructuring and Technology: Part One",
Radius, October/ November, 1988, p. 3.
Lincoln, Nebraska
Kids in the Lincoln, Nebraska. School District set up the Kids'
Travel Agency as part of a summer school project. Using CMS
School-Net, a survey was sent only to kids, requesting
information such as their favorite restaurants, motels and
historical attractions. Several classes from San Diego,
California, responded. These students were excited with the idea
of being able to tell 'land-bound' students about Sea World, the
Pacific Ocean, and Disneyland. The Lincoln students eagerly read,
edited, and processed the data, then developed information
packets from a kid's perspective for each area surveyed.
Juneau, Alaska
In the Fall of 1989, ninth grade teachers and students from
Juneau, Alaska, and Moscow, USSR, communicated over a seven-day
period in a joint project known as World 2000. E-mail and
computer conferencing were the vehicles by which the students
discussed global health issues and their vision of world health
in the year 2000. Their research results are to be published. The
participants hope to continue this project each year.
Binghamton, New York
"The research was really important because it helped us ask
intelligent questions,"2 said one student. Another said, "It has
made school really special for me these past few weeks. I still
get excited when I think about it." 3
2) U.S. Congressional Office of Technology Assessment. Linking
for Learning: A New Course for Education, November, 1989, p. 9.
3) Ibid., p. 9
These comments were made by students in the Chenago/Delaware area
of New York about a telecommunications project called the
"Electronic Field Frip". The Electronic Field Trip is an
inexpensive way to put students in isolated areas in contact with
professionals in a variety of fields. Field trips included
"visits" to the local mayor, activists, steelmill workers,
international students in Australia, Alaska, and England, and
musicians.
One electronic field trip was scheduled with a rock musician.
Only those students interested enough to do background research
were allowed to participate. The school's music teacher,
telecommunications coordinator, and librarian guided the
research. After two weeks of preparation, an enthusiastic
audience of eight students, a mix of aspiring musicians, college-
bound students, and kids with no stated future plans,
communicated for over an hour.
Afterward, the students proudly talked about the project. One
commented, "We would like to talk to another musician who has not
made it big and compare the interviews." 4 Another student
regretted the lack of reporting from the local paper: "If this
had been a local football game, they would have given it two
columns of reporting.
The students' hard work paid off in many ways. They learned how
to organize their thoughts on paper and on their feet, how to
work together as a team, and how to plan; and, they learned more
about a career to which some of them aspire.
4) U.S. Congressional Office of Technology Assessment. Linking
for Learning:A New Course for Education, November, 1989, p. 9.
5) Ibid.,p.9.
Dublin, Ireland
As an extracurricular activity, students in the Dalkey School
Project in the suburbs of Dublin, Ireland, found pen-pals in the
United States and Canada. Initially, the objectives were to
share student writing and learn a little more about other
cultures. This pen-pal project has opened up a new world to
these students.
From the Kidsnet distribution list, contacts were made with other
children from several locations in the U.S., including Aurora,
Colorado; Charlottesville, Virginia; Franklinville, New York; and
Tallahassee, Florida; and from British Columbia, Canada.
Students' tele-letters often contained information about
themselves, their families, schools, and neighborhoods.
The students have begun to understand the nature and operation of
the network, and have become very interested in people in distant
places and how they live, primarily because they have been able
to make friends so easily over the network. The students'
keyboarding, editing, and word-processing skills have also
improved.
On March 24, 1990, the Dublin Computer Fair opened featuring
exhibits from computer students in dozens of schools in the
Dublin area. The Dalkey School Project group went online during
the fair to send and receive messages from the Dublin area and
worldwide, and to demonstrate to students, teachers,
administrators, and a few government officials the educational
benefits and fun of telecommunications.
Next year, the students hope to enter the 1991 Aer Lingus Young
Scientists' Exhibition.
Toronto, Canada
"What a wonderful learning experience it has been. It has given
me a new perspective on learning and learning how to learn. With
other writers of the world, we have all responded and contributed
to one another. I see this as something that has changed my
life. Education shouldn't always be within classroom walls."
This is what one 12th grade student wrote about her English class
after telecommunications technology projects had been introduced
into the curriculum. Students, teachers, and writers throughout
Canada, the U.S., and the world correspond and the students' work
is critiqued by the professionals. The "Writers in Electronic
Residence" program of the Riverdale Collegiate Institute in
Toronto is supported by the College of Education at Simon Fraser
University, and forms the basis of these language-based studies.
Students' works, primarily poetry and short fiction, are posted
in an electronic conference ares established for their use. The
students are in control of the media before them and use them to
broaden their classroom experiences. The "Electro-Poets" project
involved a class in Toronto, one in British Columbia, and a poet
also in British Columbia. During this four-month project, over
200 pages of original writing and comments were generated by the
students. They readily accepted the telecommunications
activities as part of their daily classroom activity. Another
project, "New-Voices", involved a poet, a science-fiction writer,
and a short-fiction author, and schools in Ontario and British
Columbia. A third project, "Wired Writer", connects ten schools
and one author from a past project.
These language-based telecommunications projects inspired
students to develop language appropriate to the activity, and
offered direct and personal access to computer activities that
are relevant today. These telecommunications projects increased
the students' access to the world and, as a result, brought to
the classroom experiences to meet and enhance existing curricular
needs.
6) DISTED Electronic Journal. March 1990, pp. 5-6.
Middlebury, Vermont
Earth Day 1990 (April 22) was the culmination of an eight-week
project by children in classrooms from South America, Europe,
Asia, and North America. The "World Class" project was sponsored
by BreadNet, the network of the Bread Loaf School of English at
Middlebury College in Vermont, in conjunction with Iris, MECC's
online network of teachers, and Campus 2000, British Telecomm's
educational network.
This year's topic was global warming. The common curriculum was
based on Time's "Planet of the Year" issue. The students
exchanged ideas and proposed solutions to environmental issues.
They had the opportunity to pose questions to environmental
leaders and politicians, and share their opinions and reactions
to these issues. Senator Al Gore, of Tennessee, was available as
this year's guest speaker to interact with teachers and their
classes.
The project, called World Class [1990], opened officially March
4th of this year. While the results of this project are not yet
available, it is expected that it will prove to be a larger
collaborative project than the previous year's.
The December 1988 National Geographic article on Brazil's rain
forests served as the topic for World Class [1989]. The
discussions generated astounding results: students in an Eastern
Kentucky coal-mining area compared their situation with that in
Brazil; students in New York contributed more Sources of
information than an environmental group could generate; a
Washington professional suggested debt-for-nature swaps; and,
finally, student essays from Chile summarized the ideas as part
of an international essay exchange.
Roxboro, North Carolina
A Global Grocery List has been posted on FrEdMail's IDEAS
bulletin board by the Person County Schools in North Carolina.
Students ask for the local price in local currency of specific
quantities of 14 items. To date, students from Michigan,
Illinois, California, North Carolina, and England have responded.
The Person County School students expect to use the data in other
classroom projects including math, social studies, and science to
study economics in the marketplace. Data are periodically
compiled and posted to the IDEAS bulletin board for other classes
who may wish to access the information.
Alconbury, England
Peanut Butter and JAM -- food for thought. JAM (Junior Atlantic
Monthly) is one of several future on-line projects of the
Department of Defense Dependents Schools(DoDDS) Stars and Stripes
Bulletin Board System at Alconbury Elementary School. JAM, a
student-generated magazine, will contain classroom work from
students in grades four through six. A special kindergarten
through third grade section, called Peanut Butter, is being
planned.
The magazine will include all sorts of creative writing,
including short stories, poetry, essays, and interviews. A
schedule of topics for each issue will be posted on the bulletin
board, as JAM hopes to integrate with current classroom
curriculum. Submissions will be uploaded to a special area on
the bulletin board and editing will be performed by editorial
groups, located at various schools, as part of their language
arts curriculum. Rejected articles will be returned to the
author with comments or explanations. Final works will be
uploaded to the bulletin board for publication and distribution.
Talahassee, Florida
Learning disabled students at Rickards High School now
have a bulletin board message area they can call their own.
Knowing the educational value of being able to communicate with
others around the world, the Leon County Schools in Tallahassee,
Florida. established an electronic bulletin board at Rickards
High School, available to those in the Tallahassee area with a
computer and a modem.
Among others, the Special Students message area is designed for
learning disabled students. Initially, their communication is
limited to other Rickards High School students, as an
intermediate step for those overwhelmed by the variety of message
areas. Reading and writing skills are reinforced as messages are
exchanged. Deaf and blind students have joined the fun through
the use of adaptive devices on their computers
When these students are ready to advance, they may join several
projects which were developed for the bulletin board, including
Alien Visit - where a teacher, parent, or other adult logs on and
poses as an alien, asking questions on various topics; writing
their own surveys and collecting data; writing and reading
messages in foreign languages; establishing a county-wide
magazine by and for students about their school's activities; and
the on-line serial novel - - where one class composes a section
and posts it on the bulletin board for another class to continue.
Barriers of academic ability have broken down and a challenging
and motivating curriculum has been provided for students, thanks
to the foresight of the administrators in the Leon County School
System.
STATEWIDE NETWORKS
Alaska
UACN
University of Alaska Computer Network
Contact:
Tom Healy
Director of Computing Center
UACN
303 Tanana Drive
Fairbanks,AK 99775-5180
907/474-6280
UACN is a statewide system linking all parts of the university
with each other and national/regional networks by satellite and
landline communication facilities. Its purpose is to serve the
computer and communications needs of the students, faculty,
staff, and administration of the University of Alaska. The
university portion of the network has 13 sites, including ten
colleges. Each of the state's 56 school districts has access to
UACN.
UACN uses a circuit-switched statewide computer data network to
link to host computers within the university system. It is
operated by university staff and is available as a free resource
to all University of Alaska students, faculty, and staff.
Approximately one-third of the messages sent on UACN require
satellite transmission. Networks available through UACN include
Alaska Teleconferencing Network (ATN, also operated by the
University of Alaska), BITNET, NSFNET, State of Alaska IRM, North
WestNet, and AlaskaNet (Tymnet). AlaskaNet is a statewide
computer data network operated by Alascom providing data links to
both public and private host computer services within the state
and data links to other networks and services outside the state.
In addition, the State's Department of Administration operates
the State of Alaska Computer Network, consisting of
interconnected IBM mainframe computers, which are also
interconnected with the UACN IBM mainframe via a statewide SNA
data communications network. Users of either system are able to
access the resources of the other.
Arizona
AZ EdLink
Department of Education Network
Contact:
John Cikelo
1900 West Thomas Avenue
Phoenix, AZ 85015
602/255-5061
AZ EdLink provides bulletin board services to Arizona educators.
For an $80 cost recovery fee to Leids Communication, Ltd. (the
software provider), AZ EdLink subscribers can use e-mail and
access outside databases and FrEdMail services.
Florida
FIRN-Florida Information Resource Network
Contact:
Bill Schmid
Director of FIRN
Florida Educational Center
Tallahassee, FL 32399
904/487-0911
FIRN appears to be the most advanced educational data
communications network in the nation. FIRN links all state
universities, community colleges, and public schools to a
comprehensive data communications network which serves as the
Department of Education's primary data communications facility,
providing interconnectivity between all of these educational
agencies. Data communications equipment, located throughout the
state, connect all school districts and area vocational/technical
centers, 28 community colleges, and nine state universities into
the FIRN network. Students and faculty have access to unique
computing capabilities available on other campuses,
administrators in the more remote districts, and colleges can use
the computer resources of more sophisticated districts and
institutions. FIRN also supports a statewide automated library
search system called LUIS (Library User Information Service).
Two physically distinct data communcations networks comprise
FIRN. One is based on IBM's System Network Architecture (SNA) and
the other on Tymnet's networking system, sometimes called an X.25
network. FIRN/SNA is a multiple-domain multiple-subnet SNA
network with over 30 host nodes, and over 40 minicomputers
connected as nodes. FIRN/TYMNET is a packet-switching network
using FIRN-owned Tymnet communications processors to provide
interconnectivity for ASCII terminals and hosts. Gateways and
bridges between the two networks allow users connected to one
network to reach systems attached to the other. The Tymnet side
is a state-owned private network with access into Tymnet's
international public data network.
The majority of use is devoted to administrators, followed by
students at all educational levels. Future plans include allowing
public school students to communicate with their peers through
the use of the written "electronic" word for the purpose of
expanding their language arts skills.
Georgia
University of Georgia College of Education
Bulletin Board
Contact:
James Aberson
232 Aderhold Hall
University of Georgia
Athens, Georgia 30602
404/542-8824
This statewide bulletin board system offers services to
administrators, educators, and students at all educational
levels. It provides long distance educational and administrative
support through conferences and email on any educational topic,
including technology. The dial-in system uses RBBS software.
Indiana
IDEAnet
Contact:
Mike Huffman, Director
Educational Information System
State House
Indianapolis, IN 46204-2798
317/232-0808
Indiana Department of Education Access Network is a Department of
Education database, bulletin board, conferencing, and
professional employment referral system. All educators have
access to these services, and a database which provides testing,
demographic, and other relevant administrative information. There
is no charge for this service.
INTELENT
INdiana
TELEcommunications NETwork
Contact:
Mark Commons
Executive Director
INTELENET Commission
17 West Market Street
Indianapolis, IN, 46204-2929
317/685-8990
INTELENET is a statewide fiber-optic network, managed by the
Intelenet Commission and built by GTE. The network is designed to
provide telecommunications services to state, county, and
municipal government offices, and primary, secondary, vocational,
and higher education institutions in Indiana. Each of these
agencies has its own network and now they have access to the
statewide backbone. INTELENET serves concentrated sites in
Indiana where customers will access the network for transport and
switching of voice, video, and data services, and obtain other
value-added information services. GTE built the network and the
Intelenet Commission leases it.
INTELENET customers include state governments, Indiana University
Computer network, and the Indiana Higher Education
Telecommunication System (IHETS). IHETS, a consortium of public
and private universities and colleges provides closed circuit
educational television services, and telephone networking
services.
Maryland
METNET
Maryland Education Technology Network
Contact:
Patricia Mullinex
Maryland Instructional Technology
11767 Bonita Avenue
Owings Mills, MD 21117
301/581-4350
METNET is a telecommunications network sponsored by the State
Department of Education for the institutions of higher education
and K-12 schools to share information and ideas. METNET uses
Learning Link as a platform and allows Maryland educators access
to all services Learning Link provides, including special forums,
interest groups, special programs, and the ability to communicate
with educators nationwide. It's bulletin board service uses a
unix-based MS-DOS system. Educators across the state can access
the system through toll-free telephone lines. Although there is
no direct student use on the system, teachers upload and download
student writing projects in a special program called, ''Writing
Across the Curricula".
Montana
Big Sky Telegraph
Contact
Frank Odasz
Big Sky Telegraph
Western Montana College
Dillon, MT 59725
406/683-7338
Big Sky Telegraph (BST) is a grassroots telecommunications system
linking Montana's rural schools with resources and other rural
teachers region-wide. BST offers e-mail, conferencing,
educational databases, library services, free ERIC searching,
copyrighted software loan library, and on-line training classes.
It was founded by Frank Odasz and Regina Odasz, both education
professors at Western Montana College, with grants from U. S.
West and the M. J. Murdock Charitable Trust.
On January 1, 1988, BST went online to offer telecommunications
remotely to Montana school teachers in 114 one-room schools via
existing microcomputers in the schools, with the addition of a
grant-provided modem. Access is free to all interested in rural
education and rural community support. Users come from all across
Montana. In addition, 15 states use it for economic development,
and both county and city governments use it to access data.
University faculty use BST as a collaborative with elementary and
secondary school teachers. Courses are also being taught out of
Western Montana College for college credit. The newest on-Line
service supports the health-care industry.
BST is an Intel 386-based machine running XENIX. The conferencing
software is a version of a customized XXBS bulletin board
program. BST also runs on the Foxbase database program. A Compaq
machine was installed which runs MSDOS.
New Mexico
Technet
Contact
Art St. George
2701 Campus Blvd., NE
Albuquerque, NM 87131
505/277-8046
Technet was formed to encourage economic development by promoting
the use of the vast amounts of information generated by the
state's national laboratories, universities, and government
offices. The not-for-profit computer network links research
laboratories, universities, government agencies, and private
businesses, allowing a wide range of users access to nearly 1,000
computers, including Cray-class supercomputers. World class
research and development institutions, stretching along the Rio
Grande Research Corridor from Los Alamos National Laboratory
southward 340 miles to Las Cruces and the White Sands Missile
Range, are linked via fiber optics. This fiber-optic cable,
installed by U. S. West, serves as Technet's communications
backbone along this corridor.
In addition to the corridor's fiber system, Technet reaches every
corner of the state via normal phone lines and computer modems.
State offices, private businesses, and schools now subscribe to
Technet services. An NSF grant allowed Technet to link the
University of New Mexico, New Mexico State University, and the
New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology to Westnet. Westnet
further connects universities in Arizona, Utah. Idaho, Colorado,
and Wyoming to colleges and supercomputer centers throughout the
nation. The University of New Mexico supports a large number of
secondary schools by providing access to its LAN.
Technet offers several public service programs, including a
statewide educators' electronic network called NEDCOMM, an
acronym for New Mexico Network for Educational Communications.
Sponsored by the University of New Mexico and U. S. West, NEDCOMM
offers e-mail and facilitates administrative reporting and idea
and course plan exchanges through computer conferencing, bulletin
boards, and statewide databases. Access to consultants at
educational institutions is also provided to network users.
Public school students use NEDCOMM to access information at the
University of New Mexico and the UNM general and medical school
libraries.
New York
Teacher Resource Centers' Electronic Network
Contact:
Helen Hartle
Office of Staff Development
New York State Education Department
Empire State Plaza
Albany, NY 12230
518/473- 1234
The Teacher Resource Centers are professional development centers
organized and operated by teachers across the state. The focus is
on technology and the effective utilization of computers, video
discs, and other technology in the classroom. Through the use of
the Teacher Center Electronic Network and its bulletin board, e-
mail services, satellite broadcasts, information services, and
databases, teachers share ideas and support one another in
developing materials, collaborating on research, and helping
less-experienced teachers gain technological confidence.
The mainframe is located at the New York Institute of Technology.
The conferencing software used is COsy. Future plans are to
connect to the statewide TNT network.
TNT
Technology Network Ties
Contact:
Michael S. Radlick
Director New York State Education Department
Office of Elementary and Secondary Educational Planning
Testing and Technology Services
Albany, NY 12234
518/473-9106
TNT is a comprehensive, statewide network linking school
districts, BOCES, libraries, and other educational agencies with
the New York State Department of Education. The TNT system is
designed for use at all educational levels and features PROFS, e-mail,
conferencing using COsy, regional conferences, programs
that address specific topic areas, and electronic clearinghouses
of information about resources, funding, and research.
The backbone infrastructure has been in place since Spring 1988.
It links all of the BOCES, many school districts within each
Regional Information Center, and the New York City Regional
Information Center with the State Education Department. In some
districts, all school buildings are linked, including the City of
Buffalo and two New York City Community School Districts.
The Telecom5 Educational Network has continued planning for
delivery of integrated network services to 77 school districts in
five Southern Tier BOCES areas. The future for TNT includes a
comprehensive student information system, increased curriculum-
based computer conferencing, and financial applications for
education management, instructional applications, management, and
support.
North Carolina
WCU MicroNet
Western Carolina University MicroNet
Contact:
Lewis Sutton
WCU MicroNet
Western Carolina University
Cullowhee, NC 28723
704/227-7633
WCU MicroNet has been operational since 1982, serving schools
across the State of North Carolina by providing access to the WCU
MicroNet telecommunications system through a toll-free number.
Students and teachers can link with each other, the WCU faculty
and staff, and with resource agencies, such as AT&T, Bell Labs,
University of North Carolina at various campuses, and Morehead
Planetarium. Network services include e-mail, conferencing,
databases of class activities, on-line quiz programs, access to
the university libraries, etc. Users include pre-college and K-12
students for science, mathematics, foreign languages, English,
and history classes.
North Dakota
ND HECN
North Dakota Higher Education Computer Network
Contact:
Dale Vetter
Director of Computing Center
University of North Dakota
P.O. Box 8218
Grand Forks, ND 58202
701/777-3789
The State of North Dakota has a statewide computer network that
links the State Department of Education, state agencies, eleven
colleges and universities, and supports a statewide library
system of public, private, and state libraries. It is a hub-and-
spoke network that consists of 13 nodes in 13 cities, nine of
which have routing capabilities. All state government departments
share the same backbone with higher education. State agencies use
the system to access a database of human services information.
The system at the University of North Dakota supports the
administrative functions of higher education, while the North
Dakota State University system supports the academic and research
demands of higher education.
ND HECN runs on the North Dakota Information Network, the IBM
system backbone. Maintenance and funding are shared. Ownership is
50% state and 50% shared between North Dakota State University
and the University of North Dakota.
Distance Learning North Dakota is a proposal to link K-12 and
local governments into the Tl backbone. DLND is actually two
networks. The first is a video network to connect schools within
eight regions across the state. Grants will be given to regional
areas which will implement networks to meet their delivery needs.
These regional networks will later hook into the backbone for
additional services. The second is a comprehensive statewide
network for use by students, faculty, and administrators in K-12,
as well as college extension, GED, and Native Americans. DLND
will support voice, video, and data transmission. K- 12 and local
government offices are expected to be linked to the Tl backbone
by Fall 1990.
Ohio Education Computer Network
Computer Network
Contact:
Jim Daubenmire
Assistant Director
Ohio Department of Education
Division of Computer Services
180 East Engler Street
Columbus, OH 43266-0552
614/466-7000
The Ohio Education Computer Network, which links over 80% of
Ohio's school districts, is a state-owned microwave
communications network. E-mail and data are shared among network
users.
Pennsylvania
PENN*LINK
Department of Education Computer Network
Contact:
Ann Witmer
Pennsylvania Department of Education
333 Market Street Harrisburg, PA 17126-0333
717/787-2644
PENN*LINK is the official electronic communications network for
the Pennsylvania Department of Education (PDE). Established in
November 1986, it provides e-mail service to school districts,
school superintendents, intermediate units, and area vocational
and technical schools (AVTS). An electronic bulletin board
provides users with information on a range of topics, including
new, legislative updates, fiscal notices, announcements,
policies, meeting calendars, lists of publications, and
directories.
Penn State's Cooperative Extension Service operates the
communications network. The computer host is located at the
Pennsylvania State University.
South Carolina
CUFAN
Clemson's Forestry and Agriculture Network
Contact:
Jerry R. Lambert
McAdams Hall Clemson University
Clemson, SC 29634
803/656-4063
Clemson University has established a statewide data
communications system to provide service to the South Carolina
Cooperative Extension Service Offices located in each county. The
network is composed of four major nodes linked by 19.2-kbps lines
and 9.6-kbps lines to the other 47 locations. The host computer
is a VAX located at Clemson University. Schools in South Carolina
access CUFAN with a local telephone call to the communications
equipment located in the county Extension offices. CUFAN is the
communications portion of the statewide telecommunications
network, Pathways, which is operated by the Department of
Education for the transfer of administrative information.
Texas
TEA-NET
Texas Education Agency Network
Contact:
Connie Stout
Division of Educational Technology
Texas Education Agency
1701 N. Congress Avenue
Austin, TX 78701
512/463-9087
Statewide Networks
From the Fall of 1985 to the Spring of 1987, the Texas Education
Agency (TEA) contracted with the National Information System to
conduct a pilot program to study the effectiveness of electronic
communications between agency school districts and one regional
educational service center. One service center and 14 school
districts (a total of 48 sites) used the 'Electric Pages', an
electronic network service, to communicate with TEA and other
educational and professional entities via bulletin board
services, e-mail, and teleconferencing. The results of this
project indicated that a statewide telecommunications network can
support information exchange for administrative uses, plus
provide supplemental course instruction. In January 1986, TEA
established a network on the 'Electric Pages' called TEA-NET.
The vision for TEA-NET is to become a network whereby teachers,
school districts, administrators, TEA, regional service centers,
colleges, universities, and other educational and state agencies
can communicate electronically. The agency computer network will
support, multiple phone-line use, multiple operating systems,
standard communications software, e-mail, buIletin board systems,
conferencing systems, different baud rates, and a transparent
interface. Batch capabilities will provide access to other states
and national information providers. Since 1985, this network
service has been provided by GTE. Currently, two-thirds of the
school districts are connected. A contract is to be awarded for
conferencing and database access services in the Fall of 1990.
In addition, the Beginning Teacher Induction Plan (BTIP) is
expected to be implemented statewide on TEA-NET during the 1992-
93 school year. This pilot program is designed to improve the
performance of beginning teachers in their first year of teaching
by maximizing the use of existing computerized telecommunications
systems that link teachers, school districts, colleges, and
universities, service centers, and teacher centers.
West Virginia
Administrative Network
Contact:
John McClure
West Virginia Department of Education
Capitol Complex
1900 Kanwha East
Charleston, WV 25305
304/348-2691
The West Virginia Administrative Network is a closed system that
provides educational administrative information directly from
state superintendents to local county superintendents at local
education agencies. The administrative network is accessed
through three dial-in lines and provides e-mail, bulletin boards,
and financial updates.
INTRASTATE NETWORKS
Colorado
UNC Telecommunications Systems
Contact:
Lynn Thompson
WIDE
425 McKee Hall
University of Northern Colorado
Greeley, CO 80639
303/351-2217
The Western Institute for Distance Education (WIDE) is an
assessment, development, and evaluation center administered by
the University of Northern Colorado's (UNC) Division of
Continuing Education to support its mission to deliver graduate
teacher education programs statewide. It is primarily available
to assist UNC staff, faculty, and students with statewide
graduate teacher education endeavors. WIDE provides technical
and instructional support to develop, produce, and evaluate
distance education activities, serves as a facility to design and
develop instructional materials, and manages the UNC
Telecommunications System, the vehicle by which its graduate
teacher education program is achieved.
The UNC Telecommunications System provides for the development of
"Community Campus Centers" located in partnership at post-
secondary institutions at sites across the state. Centers are
interactively linked to each other and the UNC campus in Greeley
by a telecommunications system, which carries data, voice, and
compressed video signals over copper telephone wire. Each center
will provide access to student information. Library, computer,
and advising facilities, collegiate amenities, a
telecommunications link to the UNC campus, U.S. West, the
Colorado Department of Education, other post-secondary
institutions, Colorado Alliance of Research Libraries (CARL), and
SUPERNET. K-12 institutions are to be linked in the future. The
system employs T-1 telephone technology to transport interactive,
two-way compressed video voice, and data on a dedicated network.
Five sites are currently linked and as many as 15 will be linked
in the future.
Delaware
Statewide Telecommunications Network
Contact:
Thomas F. Brennan
Director of Computing Services
Department of Public Instruction
Townsend Building
P.O. Box 1402
Dover, DE 19903
302/736-3721
The Statewide Telecommunications Network is a dial-up system that
consists of three major computers. Any school district, state
agency, or university may access the system after purchasing
time-sharing services. Funding is subsidized by the state with
50% of the costs covered by user fees.
One computer supports the administrative computing needs of the
state. One third of the states school districts access the State
Department of Education's central VAX computer to transfer
administrative information and student records, and to access
database packages, statistical packages, and utilities, which are
available for use by school administrators and teachers.
A bulletin board currently provides conferencing facilities and
e-mail services to users. The state is negotiating with
Minnesota Educational Computer Corporation (MECC) to have the
bulletin board service become an Iris node.
Georgia
GC EduNET
Georgia College Educator's Network
Contact:
Frank Lowney
System Administrator
School of Education
Georgia College
Milledgeville, GA 31061
912/453-4546
In 1987, Georgia College was awarded a continuous grant from
special initiative funds by the Georgia State Legislature to
improve teacher education in the middle Georgia area. This led
to the development of the Regional Teacher Education Center
(RTEC). RTEC funded the GC EduNET project, which was designed to
provide electronic conferencing, e-mail, file sharing, on-line
database searching, and other communications activities to
educators and educational administrators in the State of Georgia.
The primary server is a Macintosh II with 100-Mb disk storage
capability. Both internal and external access to GC EduNET is
managed by AppleShare protocols, plus software developed by Russ
Systems of Santa Cruz, California. The service is available free
to all schools in Georgia College's primary service area and at
low cost to others in the state. Participating schools are
provided telecommunications software and a 2400-baud modem for an
Apple IIe or IIgs.
GC EduNET went online October 1, 1988. There are 212 members
authorized for remote access to GC EduNET. During the first
months of operation, there were 1,935 calls from remote sites,
totaling 291 hours of connect time. In the future, it is hoped
that every school in the state will be a member of the network.
Illinois
Electronic Educational Service Centers
Contact:
Richard DeHart
Student Assessment Section
Illinois State Board of Education
100 North First Street
Springfield, IL 62777-0001
217/782-4823
The State of Illinois has 18 educational service centers (ESC)
that serve the school districts within their respective regions.
Each ESC is linked electronically with the State Board of
Education. The schools will be linked by way of a LAN and a
dial-up process. Twenty-five schools have been added to the
network, with more to follow. Users access the system for e-
mail, file transfer, information retrieval, and to set up
workshops. A bulletin board system will be established with the
State Department of Education. There is no student
participation.
Iowa
Interactive Computer Conferencing and Electronic Distribution
System
Contact:
William P. Callahan
Associate Dean
College of Education
University of Northern Iowa
Cedar Falls, IA 50614
319/273-2719
The University of Northern Iowa, with funding from the State of
Iowa, is organizing educators throughout the state in an
Interactive Computer Conferencing and Electronic Information
Distribution System. This network connects elementary through
post-secondary teachers around the state via computer
conferencing to coordinate policy and administrative affairs
related to student teaching. Users can also access the ERIC CD
ROM database for searches. By September 1990, this system should
be in place and operational. This network will become a part of
the statewide network Iowa Communications Network (ICN).
Several pilot projects are under way. In Waterloo and Council
Bluffs, Iowa, student teachers are able to access their
supervisors and peers, as well as resources at other universities
around the state. A third project links first-year teachers with
university faculty for computer conferencing.
CAUCUS software, running on an IBM PS/2 Model 80 with a Xenix
operating system, is connected to the host side of a Gandalf
Starmaster dataswitch. A combination of toll-free phone lines,
local lines, on-campus terminals, and directly connected PC's
complete the network.
Iowa
Kirkwood Community College Network
Contact:
Orville Thein, Director
Telecommunication Services
Kirkwood Community College
6301 Kirkwood Blvd., SW
Cedar Rapids, IA 52406
319/398-5663
Kirkwood Community College has five fully interactive educational
networks. Telelink is a microwave-based two-way audio, two-way
video network that connects the main campus with students in its
4300-square-mile, seven-county service area for coursework toward
a two-year degree. A secondary school network connects 23 K-12
school districts to provide shared high school programs and
college credit courses through the use of ITFS. In addition, the
Business Industrial Training Network (BITNET) uses ITFS to
provide on-site training to selected businesses and industries.
Urban Network is used by the Cedar Rapids School District to link
schools for in-service teacher training and classes at the high
school level, A full-service cable network serves 17 communities
and 70,000 homes. Finally, a public radio service is provided
over a seven-county area.
Additional community college networks have sprung up, based upon
Kirkwood's success. The other regional network systems are Iowa
Lakes Community College at Estherville and Iowa Central Community
College at Fort Dodge. Systems are being built at the Southeast
Community College in Creston, and in 1991, at the Hawkeye
Institute of Technology at Waterloo. All of these regional
networks are to be incorporated into the system backbone during
Phase I of the ICN network.
Maine
ME-LINK
Contact:
Cathy Glaude
Maine Computer Consortium
P.O. Box 620
Auburn, ME 04212
207/783-0833
ME-LINK is an electronic telecommunications network. It is part
of a larger organization called the Maine Computer Consortium and
is the medium through which members communicate. It is a dial-
in, e-mail, and bulletin board system. Users include teachers
and computer coordinators in the schools. Student use is
typically short-term and project oriented.
Nebraska
Statewide Network
Contact:
Wayne Fisher
Technical Coordinator
Nebraska Department of Education
Technology Center
301 Centennial Mall So.
Lincoln, NE 68509-4987
402/471-2918
K-12 teachers in the State of Nebraska can access the Iris
Network to communicate with each other or to supplement their
classroom teaching. Teachers get on the system in their
classrooms and communicate with teachers and students in another
classroom elsewhere on the network. While there is no individual
student-to-student use, there is teacher-to-teacher classroom
use. Student use is comprised of shared writing projects with
other schools in the state or in the nation.
The state subscribes to and privately contracts for the Iris
Network services. Nebraska educators have their own "conference
area" on the Iris Network where they can interact with other
state educators about issues of local interest. Currently, 100
Nebraska educators use this network. There is limited university
participation from the University of Nebraska and Kearney State
College, whose faculty members serve as resources.
The state is discussing implementing a statewide educational and
state agency network to function as a separate telecomputing
network.
New Jersey
Education Technology Network
Contact:
Theodore Smorodin
Educational Technology Specialist
New Jersey State Department of Education
225 West State Street
Trenton, NJ 08625-0500
609/984-1905
This telecommunications network features e-mail, discussion
centers, forums, and databases. This is a data transfer
telecommunications, bulletin board, and information retrieval
service. Membership is open to anyone interested in education.
Current membership has reached 3600 users and includes
universities, teachers, administrators, board members, parents,
and classrooms. Universities have held curriculum related and
professional development forums and workshops on the network.
West Virginia
WVMEN
West Virginia Microcomputer Educational Network
Contact:
Brenda Williams
State Computer Network Coordinator
West Virgina Department of Education
Capitol Complex
1900 Kanwha East
Charleston, WV 25305
304/348-7880
WVMEN is an instructional network for all West Virginia
residents. It offers community service postings such as job
openings for educators, grant information, calendars of events,
Senate and House bills, and teleconference schedules. Teachers,
students, parents, businesses, etc., access the system to use e-
mail, bulletin boards, and download public domain software.
Conference areas are available on the bulletin board for topic
areas such as math, science, and debate.
NETWORKING PROJECTS
Connecticut
SNET Links to Learning
Contact:
Tom Buckley
SNET
227 Church Street
New Haven, CT 06506
203/771-3115
SNET, an acronym for the Southern New England Telecommunications
Corporation, provides the telecommunications services used by
Statenet and SNET Links to Learning. SNET Links to Learning is
an educational technology project which provides three types of
telecommunications technology including voice, video, and
database acquisition to 34 schools within the state. SNET and
the State Department of Education are partners in the SNET Links
to Learning project.
SNET Links to Learning consists of three pilot projects, one of
which provides 17 school districts the ability to link their
schools through the public system, an X.25 packet switch network
called Connet, into databases for news services and libraries.
Participants include students and teachers in K-12 public
schools. Several pen-pal projects have taken place. There is no
university participation at this time.
Hawaii
ChemNet
Contact:
John Southworth
University of Hawaii Lab School
Curriculum R and D Group
College of Education
University of Hawaii
Honolulu, HI 96822
808/948-6871
ChemNet is for chemistry teachers who are interested in learning
and sharing ideas with other chemistry teachers. It is a
cooperative venture among Hawaiian schools, the University of
Hawaii Lab School, and the Hawaii Science Teacher's Association.
Members from the Department of Education, Hawaii high schools,
and the University of Hawaii meet via synchronous
telecommunications media, such as e-mail and bulletin boards, and
through synchronous media, such as telephone, slow-scan TV, or
the Hawaii Interactive Television System (HITS).
TELEclass
The Hawaii Global TELEclass Project
Contact:
John Wollstein
TELEclass International
1103 9th Avenue
Honolulu, HI 96816
808/733-2007
The Hawaii Global TELEclass (Telecommunications Enriches Language
Experiences) project began as a multilevel program to enhance the
learning of foreign languages. By 1987, Hawaiian students in
foreign language classes had linked with their counterparts in
Japan, Korea, Taiwan, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China,
Canada, Puerto Rico, Tahiti, Spain, France, and Germany.
TELEclass involves the use of a central computer to coordinate
the project. In Hawaii, all schools are linked through the
University of Hawaii's DEC20 computer mail and electronic
bulletin board systems. The project has been facilitated by a
partnership with Career Kokua, the Computerized Information
Delivery System (CIDS), that has placed computer terminals and
phone lines in every high school in Hawaii. TELEclass has
expanded through the use of international computer networks.
Electronic Information Exchange System (EIES) of the New Jersey
Institute of Technology has been the main communications system.
Idaho
First Year Teacher Project
Contact:
Holly Anderson
College of Education
Boise State University
1910 University Drive
Boise, ID 83725
208/385-3683
In 1989, Boise State University began the First Year Teacher
Project to support first- year teachers by providing the
opportunity to maintain contact with university faculty and
peers. This bulletin board service uses the Learning Link and
all the services it provides as a foundation. In addition, the
First Year Teacher Project was given a "corner" of the network
for its own uses. No other Learning Link users can access the
First Year Teacher Project, although First Year Teacher Project
participants have access to all features of the Learning Link
network.
The university selected 25 first-year public teachers within the
state to participate in the project. The State Board of
Education provides funding for the phone line needed for dial-in
service. U.S. West, the local telephone company, provided
funding for 25 Macintosh computers with modems, printers, and
software.
Indiana
ESD
Electronic School District
Contact:
Michael Halla
University Computing Services
1000 East 17th Street
Bloomington, IN 47405
812/855-2222
ESD, a model electronic school district, is an experimental
computer network simulating academic and administrative functions
in a school district. The ESD project is a cooperative effort
among IBM, the Department of Education at Purdue University,
Computing Services Department at Indiana University, Indiana
State Department of Education, and several school districts in
Indiana. Its purpose is to investigate the benefits to
administrators, educators, and students of using a computer
network to link school districts with the Indiana Department of
Education and state universities to exchange ideas and
information. Using an operating system called STEPS, Students
and Teachers Electronic Productivity System, users can explore
the educational and administrative possibilities of large-scale
computer connectivity.
The ESD project began in July 1987, with an initial grant of $2.5
million in hardware and equipment maintenance from IBM, who
continues to support the project with extensive training and
other support. By October 1989, seven participating schools
installed "electronic classrooms," each containing 20 or more
microcomputers. The microcomputers are connected to a local area
network (LAN) and the LANs are connected to the IBM 4381
mainframe at Indiana University in Bloomington. Using TCP/IP
technology, the ESD will, in 1990, connect to Internet.
Kansas
UNITE
Unified Network for Informatics in Teacher Education
Contact:
Ronald Aust
Instructional Technology Center
Bailey Annex
University of Kansas
Lawrence, KS 66045
913/864-3057
UNITE is a computer network which establishes an environment to
facilitate communication and exchange instructional computing
resources among students, teachers, and administrators. With a
grant from Apple Corporation, faculty and students in the School
of Education at the University of Kansas use Macintosh computers
to develop educational resources for educators. Instructional
development and on-line resources are developed for
administrators, teachers, and educators in six school districts.
This development takes place in the School of Education's
Instructional Technology Center, a local area network that
connects 16 schools through a bulletin board service.
Future plans include connecting all public schools and
educational resources nationwide to foster communication and
collaboration.
Massachusetts
The Beginning Teacher Computer Network
Contact:
Diane Beals
Harvard University
Graduate School of Education
224 Longfellow Hall
Appian Way
Cambridge, MA 02138
617/495-3498
The Beginning Teacher Computer Network is a teacher-link program
developed by Harvard University's Graduate School of Education to
continue the training and support efforts of its teacher
education programs. This network allows Harvard graduates to
receive teaching advice by linking to veteran teachers and
Harvard faculty via personal computers and telephone lines.
Today, over 40 alumni from Virginia, Maryland, Illinois,
Michigan, California, New York, New Hampshire, and Massachusetts
participate in the network.
Common Ground, a bulletin board/computer conferencing software
package, designed by the Educational Technology Center at
Harvard, is used by the network's single host, an IBM XT with
640K ram and 20-mg hard disk. The host modem is a 1200-baud
Hayes Smart Modem. All types of PC compatibles connect to the
system, including Apples, IBM's, and Macintoshes.
Funding sources include a grant from the Mellon Foundation to
cover telephone charges and a grant of 25 IBM PCs from IBM
Corporation.
Massachusetts
SCHOLE
Boston University School of Education
Contact:
Gerald S. Fain
Boston University
School of Education
Schole Office
605 Commonwealth Ave.
Boston, MA 02215
617/353-3295
SCHOLE is a computer network designed, created, and operated by
the School of Education at Boston University to teach children,
assist teachers, aid researchers, and link students and scholars.
It features e-mail, bulletin boards, teleconferencing, and
special interest databases, including UPI News, encyclopedias,
and an educational film library.
SCHOLE is committed to equal access for all societal segments.
Since its beginning in March 1985, SCHOLE has served individuals
and groups worldwide. Participants now include universities,
public schools, teachers, researchers, families, children,
professionals, and organizations.
Virginia
Teacher LINK
Contact:
Judi Harris
Curry School of Education
University of Virginia
405 Emmet Street
Charlottesville, VA 22903
804/924-7471
Teacher LINK grew out of a simple e-mail project for teachers in
local schools when the Curry School of Education at the
University of Virginia decided to further investigate the impact
of a computer network on the teaching process. Teacher LINK
allows local educators access to users across the nation and
worldwide via BITNET. This has encouraged teachers and interns
to help their students communicate with teachers and students in
many states, including Alaska, California, and Florida, and in
other countries, such as Israel, Denmark, and Spain.
Major funding from IBM provided an IBM 4361 mainframe running the
VM/IMS Operating System, 100 portable computers with built-in
modems, monitors, printers and software. The Curry School
provided the support personnel. Grants from the university
provided a networked classroom for participant workshops.
ProComm and CAUCUS are the software used for this project.
Virginia
VT-HSNet
Virginia Tech K-12 Computer Network Project
Contact:
Phillip Bowden
Communications Resources
Virginia Tech
Blacksburg, VA 24061
703/231-6460
In February 1989, several school district representatives and
staff from Virginia Tech met to discuss a pilot project to link
secondary school teachers and students with university resources.
Operating for one year, the pilot project currently involves 15
high schools, five universities, the State Department of
Education, and other individuals. Participants at secondary
schools are connected to Virginia Tech's IBM 3090 mainframe
computer by dialing a local Virginia Education and Research
Network (VERnet) node. Users have access to e-mail, the Virginia
Tech Library, and other national resources via BITNET and
Internet.
PROPOSED NETWORKS
Arizona
Arizona Statewide Telecommunications Network
Contact:
Kathryn Kilroy
Arizona Department of Education
1535 W. Jefferson Street
Phoenix, AZ 85007
602/542-5040
The Arizona Education Telecommunications Cooperative (AETC) was
formed in the summer of 1988 to provide a forum to share
information about education telecommunications activities and
technologies. AETC includes representatives from public
universities, community colleges, K-12 school systems, and the
State Department of Administration. This group is seeking the
implementation of a statewide computer network to serve the
state's public education institutions, including K-12, community
colleges, universities, academic and public libraries, as well as
government agencies, nonprofit community service groups, business
and industry with instructional programming, video
teleconferencing, file transfer, e-mail, bulletin board access,
and access to information through on-line catalogs, library media
services, and test banks.
The statewide network is expected to employ a mix of
technologies, including satellite, microwave, ITFS, fiber optics,
computer, telephone, and cable TV to provide the needed statewide
voice, video, and data services. This makes use of existing
technologies and adds a satellite and a land-based infrastructure
for full-broadcast video, compressed video, and high-speed data
transmission. Full network development is expected to take
several years.
Connecticut
Statenet
Contact:
Daniel Colarusso
Executive Director
Office of Information and Technology
Office of Policy and Management
State of Connecticut
80 Washington Street
Hartford, CT 06106
203/566-4310
Statenet is the vehicle for statewide public sector voice and
data transmission. The fiber-optic and copperwire backbone was
built by Southern New England Telecommunications (SNET). All
state voice, data, and video traffic will be moved onto the DS-3
backbone network by June 1992. It will be used by all state
agencies, including the State Department of Education, and will
support the transfer of administrative and student data.
The state network will include 336 miles of fiber optics,
deployed in the public switched network. Traffic will be hubbed
in 21 SNET central offices. The backbone will be based on a
ring-mesh architecture that conforms to AT&T engineering
standards for DS-0, T1, and DS-3 transmissions, as well as DACS
standards.
Regional networks will connect Statenet and the metropolitan area
networks (MetroNets). These regional networks will be targeted
at areas that economically cannot be served by Statenet but that
offer potential cost and service benefits in specific geographic
areas. MetroNet will comprise the last leg of the network. One
MetroNet, The University of Connecticut at Storrs, is
implementing an advanced network based on an AT&T fiber-optic
cable, and integrated services digital network technology. The
system will include a fiber-optic network linked to a SNET
central office that also acts as a Statenet node.
Georgia
GEIS
Georgia Educational Information System
Contact:
Les Butler
Assistant State Superintendent for Technology Services
Georgia Department of Education
1554 East Tower
Atlanta, GA 30334
404/656-2435
GEIS is a statewide network operated by the State Department of
Administrative Services. It is designed to connect all 186
school district offices, every school library, and regional
educational service to state offices. Forty-eight school
district offices are connected. The remaining district offices
should be connected in 1991. The entire network should be
operational and every school connected by 1995. At the district
level, the network will be used as a repository for all school
information. Financial and student information will then be
forwarded to state offices.
GEIS is an SNA network using T1 digital lines that are nearly in
place statewide and multidrop lease lines to the schools and
district offices.
Illinois
Distance Learning Network
Contact:
Steve Crady
Distance Learning Network
Illinois Central College
One College Drive
East Peoria, IL 61635
309/694-5231
The Distance Learning Network is a microwave, fiber-optic, ITFS,
network with educational, business, and health care industry
users. It offers two-way interactive audio, video, and data.
Illinois Central Community College proposes to develop this
telecommunications network to provide interactive instruction
between the college and rural school districts.
The bulk of this telecommunications network is expected to be
video based, but a data link is also proposed which will connect
Illinois Central Community College with local schools for the
transfer of administrative student data. Illinois Central
College links with Bradley University to transfer administrative
information via two-way microwave link. The purpose of this
network is to provide additional curricula to those schools that
are unable to do so because of costs or low enrollment.
A high school proposal exists to link school districts, including
high schools and community colleges in the Illinois Central
Community College (ICCC) district. Over half of the school
districts in the ICCC district have committed themselves to this
network project. The Distance Learning Network is expected to be
completed by Fall of 1991.
Iowa
ICN
Iowa Communications Network
Contact:
Tony Crandall
Project Manager
Hoover Building
General Services
Des Moines, IA 50319
515/281-3336
Based in part on the success of the Kirkwood Community College
Network and various regional and local networks throughout the
state, the Iowa State Legislature appropriated $50 million, $10
million per year over a five-year period, to build a statewide
educational network to link every school, library, and state
agency.
ICN will absorb the current ITN (Iowa Telecommunications
Network), a cooperative project among state agencies, which
handles administrative digital traffic. The T1 equipment is
owned, and some of it is located in telephone company central
offices.
ICN will be a multitiered system, which will embrace several
levels of technology and will be developed in three phases.
Phase I will establish a backbone system which interactively
connects the ICN system hub in Des Moines with 19 regional
centers, including all 15 community colleges, the Iowa Department
of Education, three universities, and the Iowa Public TV. Bids
are currently due for a fiber-optic network that will serve as
the telecommunications backbone for the voice and date
transmissions. Each regional center will then act as a hub with
responsibility for the nearly 2000 schools within its locality.
Within each regional center, eight to 22 sites will be linked by
two-way audio and video. All 19 regional centers will be able to
broadcast by ITFS to its local sites. In the second phase, local
systems will connect interactively within their regions. Phase 3
is for ITFS delivery. Administrative end users will be linked by
the fiber-optic network and educational end users will rely on
the ITFS to meet their informational needs. ICN will handle
distance learning needs, teachers' meetings, continuing
education, government-related data transmission, and town
meetings.
Kentucky
KENS
Kentucky Educational Networking System
Contact:
H.M. Snodgrass
Associate Superintendent for Research and Planning
Capitol Plaza Tower
Frankfort, KY 40601
502/564-6900
In April 1990, KENS received legislative approval and funding to
link the State Department of Education and all levels of the
state's 178 public school districts. KENS will be a computerized
communications system, which will provide each school district
equal access to available and easy-to-use instructional resources
and support; expose students, teachers, and administrators of the
state's public elementary and secondary schools to the effective
application of modern technology; and provide for the exchange of
management performance data between the Kentucky Department of
Education (KDE) and the local districts.
Each school district, approximately 1500 schools, will receive a
minicomputer and enough remote terminals to serve each teacher,
as well as some administrators. System usage is expected to be
largely from teachers for instructional support in the form of
curriculum information, lesson plans, and software reviews.
Administrators at the schools or the local education agency
central offices are also expected to be frequent users.
KENS will have the capacity to incorporate existing state-level
hardware and applications, including the Kentucky Network for
Educational Communication, the Vocational Education Networking
System, various KDE in-house computer systems, and the state data
systems. Communications with the KDE will be through SNA. All
processing components will have the ability to participate on the
SNA network. Transition from hierarchical to peer-to-peer
network communications will be managed using SNA, LU6.2.
District level, peer-to-peer communications will be ethernet
technology. Communications from school district office in the
same educational district will be over T1 data lines and fiber-
optic technologies, and communications between buildings located
in the same geographic area will be over twisted pair wiring.
Maine
The Community College of Maine
Contact:
Pamela S. MacBrayne
Executive Director of Distance Education
University of Maine at Augusta
Augusta, ME 04330
207/622-7131
The Community College of Maine is the name of Maine's statewide
distance learning network which uses fiber-optic cable, point-to-
point microwave, ITFS and telephone lines to allow distance
learners to participate in regular campus-based courses. The
state's goal is to improve educational opportunities in the state
and to reach older, part-time, and commuter students. In effect,
telecommunications will create the community college system for
the state. The plan calls for classes to be transmitted from
electronic classrooms at seven university campuses to the
university's off-campus centers, high schools, technical college
campuses, and other locations statewide. Five hours of
programming per day are devoted to high school students. All
high schools are to be connected when the system is completed in
1993. The network is also available to government agencies and
businesses for education and training purposes and for
teleconferencing.
Seven campuses of the University of Maine system are currently
connected by fiber optics. The technical colleges, Maine
Maritime Academy, and 12 off-campus university centers currently
receive ITFS programming and will eventually be connected to the
fiber-optic backbone.
The technical specifications call for a fiber-optic spine linking
the campuses, each of which will serve as a transmission site.
Several off-campus centers will also have transmission capability
when the system is complete. The fiber-optic spine will carry
three channels of full duplex (two-way) video, audio, and data,
with audio return. The University of Maine at Augusta will serve
as both the hub of the terrestrial system and the site for
satellite linkages. Dishes at all high schools, state and local
government buildings, hospitals, businesses, and cable television
systems will make live programming available to users across the
state. Course materials and data can be distributed
electronically between sites.
Minnesota
STARS
Statewide Telecommunications Access and Routing System
Contact:
Bob Fischer
STARS Division Director
State of Minnesota
Department of Administration
InterTechnologies Group
500 Centennial Office Building
658 Cedar Street
St. Paul, MN 55155
612/296-6428
The State of Minnesota has committed itself to STARS. During its
1989 session, the Minnesota Legislature gave its approval to
develop a statewide broadband telecommunications transmission
facility for voice, data, and video that will serve a large
number of government agencies, educational institutions, etc.
STARS will provide the opportunity to access existing local and
regional networks through one common statewide facility.
STARS is in the conceptual stage of its development. As it is
planned. Stars will lease facilities from telecommunications
companies who will own and operate the system. It will be
publicly managed. Private providers will engineer, build, and
maintain STARS.
Several local and regional networks exist throughout the State of
Minnesota. State agencies, the University of Minnesota Systems,
the State University System, local school districts, the courts,
the Community College System, libraries, Minnesota Technical
Colleges, and others, have custom-designed networking systems
that are generally unable to communicate with each other. STARS
seeks to increase the telecommunications capabilities of these
offices, as well as provide the opportunity for them to interact.
New Hampshire
EDLINK
Contact:
Larry Vaughn
Executive Director
Governor's Initiative Office
36 South Road
Londonderry, NH 03053
603/432-6779
The Governor's Initiatives for Excellence in Education for the
State of New Hampshire has funded a project to establish a
statewide network for educators. Apple Computer, Inc., has
agreed to help with network development. Funding has been
approved for the project to operate into the 1991-1992 school
year. EDLINK is being designed as a flexible information and
communication utility that can adapt to operated as a LAN to
serve individual unit needs, serve as a network for educators and
administrators, and act as a resource link for teachers. Student
participation is allowed only through special application. It is
hoped that every school district in the state will participate.
The network will operate on AppleLink. Software needed to access
the network will be provided free for the project. All standard
AppleLink features, such as e-mail, file transfer, existing
bulletin boards, and searchable databases will be available.
EDLINK member will also have access to a special New Hampshire
Educator's bulletin board that will contain folders of
information of particular interest to special groups of the
state's educators.
Oregon
Ed-Net
Integrated Statewide Telecommunications Network
Contact:
Dave Tilden
Office of Educational Policy and Planning
225 Water Street, NE
Salem, OR 97310
503/378-3921
The Ed-Net Committee, under the auspices of Governor Neil
Goldschmidt, submitted a bill to the Oregon Legislature in May
1989 to establish a statewide telecommunications network with an
estimated $8 million start-up cost. The Ed-Net design uses an
existing telecommunications structure and adds satellite
transmission of full-broadcast video, compressed video, and high-
speed data. The Oregon Public Broadcasting (OPB) System has an
extensive microwave network; thus, all sites can receive signals
using existing antennas and hardware without interfering with OPB
operations.
Ed-Net's technical capabilities have been divided into three
networks. Networks I and II involve video transmission. Network
III will transmit data only and will allow access to state
offices, library information, e-mail, computer conferencing,
electronic bulletin boards, databases, and libraries of software.
This model has succeeded in course delivery and professional
development and has helped solve the lack of class offerings in
the K-12 domain due to a rural teacher shortage.
Texas
SchooLINC
School Interactive Network Consortium
Contact:
Linda Lloyd
Texas Association of School Boards
P.O. Box 2947
Austin, TX 78768
512/467-0222
SchooLINC is a proposed research project to bring high technology
into public schools using a very high bandwidth fiber-optic
network to link schools in Dallas, Waco, Austin, and San Antonio,
Texas. A telecommunications and technology infrastructure will
link public schools, government, high-tech businesses, nonprofit
corporations, and higher education with a multitechnology,
multipurpose network. Classrooms will have the latest
instructional technology options, including digital, two-way,
full-motion, multipoint-interactive-video, satellite programming,
interactive videodisc, state-of-the-
art computer workstations, and additional course-specific
hardware and software.
The initial model involves an existing, wide-bandwidth fiber-
optics network extending from Dallas, Texas, through Waco and San
Antonio, with a planned link to Laredo, Texas. SchooLINC plans
to expand this fiber network, link microwave and satellite into
the network, bring a variety of new technologies into the public
classroom, and determine ways in which to link the instructor
with a world of instructional possibilities. The research
project will address issues such as, "Can you teach a teacher to
teach in an environment such as this?"
Project Bluebonnet, a consortium of businesses, corporations, and
nonprofit groups, including higher education, has contributed to
the organization, funding, and management of the research and
development for this project. The goal of this group is to
contribute to the economic independence and competitiveness of
Texas through the appropriate use of advanced technologies.
SchooLINC is the first endeavor of this consortium.
Public Access Networks and Databases
Educational Networks and Databases
Accu-Data
619 W. College Avenue
State College, PA 16801
814/238-0907
Contact: James Levin
This database service of Accu-Weather includes information on
surface observations, upper-air data, National Weather Service
hourly reports, forecasts, severe weather bulletins, and other
geophysical and oceanographic products, Instructional materials
are available.
AgEd Network and AgriData Network
AgriData Resources, Inc.
330 E. Kilbourn
Milwaukee, WI 53202
800/558-9044
Contact: Margie Dickmann
AgEd Network is an on-line informational database for agriculture
and related departments in secondary and other educational
institutions. It contains instructional units and teaching units
to help coordinate curriculum lessons. It provides current news,
prices, and weather information. AgriData Network provides
thousands of agricultural reports, including price quotes from
the wheat and corn grower's associations.
BITNET
EDUCOM
1112 Sixteenth St., NW
Washington, DC 20036
202/872-4200
Contact: Mike Hrybyk
BITNET links universities, colleges, and research centers in the
U.S. Members are connected in a single logical network,
including over 1300 sites in 35 countries, for the exchange of
noncommercial information. Gateways allow the exchange of e-mail
between BITNET, Internet, CSNET, and USENET. It is directly
linked to several networks outside the U.S., including EUnet, the
European Network with at least one backbone site in 19 countries;
Gulfnet, the Middle East segment connecting ten academic and
research institutions in Kuwait and Saudi Arabia; and JANET, the
Joint Academic Network, connecting all British universities and
research organizations, and the British, Scottish, and Welsh
National Libraries.
Classmate
Dialog Information Services
3460 Hillview Avenue
Palo Alto, CA 94304
800/334-2564
Contact: Ann Caputo
This includes over 80 general interest full-text databases of
journal, magazine, and newspaper articles in a variety of fields,
including general science, social studies, and the humanities.
Middle school and high school teachers use this service to teach
their students about on-line searching. The Classmate
Instruction Program (CIP) offers the same services to college and
graduate school students and educators. There is no subscription
fee or monthly fee.
EdNET
Unison Telecommunications Service
700 West Pete Rose Way
Cincinnati, OH 45203
800/334-6122
Contact: Patricia Niehoff
EdNET is the Education Network on the UNISON network. In
addition to the computer conferencing and e-mail features offered
all UNISON subscribers, EdNET offers the tools for schools to
build their own private electronic information and conferencing
networks. Other services offered include financial, travel, and
entertainment databases. A Mail System allows users to exchange
e-mail with more than 25 on-line systems. An annual subscription
fee, plus hourly access rates, is charged.
EIES - Electronic Information Exchange System
New Jersey Institute of Technology
323 King Blvd.
Newark, NJ 07802
201/596-3574
Contact: Howard Kimmel
EIES (Electronic Information Exchange System) is an electronic
resource-sharing network that features e-mail, conferencing
notebooks, and tailored communications structured to meet user's
needs. Linkages are achieved through microcomputers and phone
lines. Begun in 1976, it is one of the oldest conferencing
systems in the world. It was developed by the New Jersey
Institute of Technology and Fairleigh Dickinson University as one
component of an in-service educational model for science teachers
designed to increase opportunities for teacher interaction and
resource availability, improve teaching skills and
qualifications, and improve the science curriculum. Today, the
EIES system is used by educational institutions in other states,
including Hawaii. Science students use the system to communicate
with university faculty or students at other schools. European Academic Research Network (EARN)
EARN Office EHEI
45 Rue des Saints Peres
75006 Paris
France
+33 1 4015 0539
Contact: Alain Auroux
Auroux@frmop11.bitnet
This network is the European segment of the BITNET Network and
links over 400 educational and research institutions in 18
countries. Cyprus, Egypt, India, Morocco, Tunisia, and
Yugoslavia are expected to connect to EARN in the near future.
FrEdMail
FrEdMail Foundation
P.O. Box 243
Bonita, CA 92002-0243
619/475-4852
Contact: Al Rogers
The FrEdMAil (Free Educational Mail) network is a product of the
nonprofit consortium, the FrEdMail Foundation. The FrEdMail
network is an informal grassroots telecommunications network to
help students and teachers exchange information. It consists of
a collection of cooperating bulletin boards operated at
universities, district educational offices, in individual
schools, school offices, and classrooms, and in teachers' homes
at 120 sites throughout the U.S. FrEdMail projects range from
simple pen-pal projects to problem solving and includes several
system-wide conferences. One, IDEAS, provides technical support,
locates resources, and allows teachers to suggest project ideas.
The second, KIDWIRE, posts student's work. A third, called
BRIDGES, will allow disabled students to work with nondisabled
students.
A new board, called ORILLAS, features a multilingual educational
technology project/bulletin board dealing with language and
culture. Partnerships are formed between elementary and
secondary teachers in bilingual education and foreign languages,
university professors and international students, and educators
interested in cross-cultural learning.
FrEdMail's growth over the past year has been spectacular.
Several new projects and boards are expected to begin in
September 1990. GTE Education Network
GTE Education Services, Inc.
8505 Freeport Parkway
Irving, TX 75063
800/634-5644
Contact: Customer Service
The single largest provider of on-line informational services to
American education, this system is used by more than one-third of
the schools in America. Included on this system are the General
Education Network (previously known as ED-LINE), which provides
information on educational issues, management, statistics,
research, federal legislation, etc., through many databases;
SpecialNet, designed by and for educators in the field of special
education; Local Exchange, links government officials with local
administrators and contains e-mail facilities,bulletin boards,
databases, and more; Electric Pages provides the software and
support to help national, regional, and local organizations run
their own networks; News Access, supplies in-depth current events
resources from CNN; SchooLINK, an annual, school-year-based
project specializes in the science and social studies curricula
and is run on SpecialNet; and Sci-Tech which runs on SchooLINK,
provides current climate, geography, health, and medicine,
biology, ecology, and astronomy information to grades six through
ten.
Iris
Metasystems Design Group (MDG), Inc.
Suite 103
2000 North 15th Street
Arlington, VA 22201
800/451-6549
Contact: Frank Burns
A network for teachers and schools, it is comprised of several
centers: Welcome Center contains news, bulletins, and
directions; Technology Center is for technical help about
computer hardware and software; Teacher Center has on-line
discussions, messages, and information sharing from colleagues;
and Student Center provides student projects to be conducted on
line and concurrently in classrooms nationwide.
Kidsnet
6856 Eastern Avenue, NW
Washington, DC 20012
202/291-1400
Contact: Karen Jaffee
Kidsnet is a small, nonprofit group that serves as a
clearinghouse of information geared at children through the
media. It maintains an off-line informational database on
children's programs that are broadcast over cable, television,
instructional television, etc. Schools, libraries, hospitals,
etc., use this service.
Learning Initiatives International
Box 752
Georgia State University
Atlanta, GA 30303-3083
800/233-9233
Contact: Frances Atkinson
The Learning Initiatives International is an IBM-users group
dedicated to improving education in pre-K through 12,
adult/adolescent literacy, basic skills, and noncollegiate
business/vocational learning environments. Access to the
Learning Initiatives Electronic conferencing network is achieved
using PSInet. Membership and subscribers fees apply.
Learning Link (National)
356 West 58th St.
New York, NY 10019
212/560-6674
Contact: Bob Spielvogel
Operating from individual PBS Stations and State Departments of
Education, the Learning Link National Consortium provides
databases, information resources, in-service teacher training, e-
mail, and gateways to educational databases. It is targeted at
educators who use TV, video, PC's, videodisc, and on-line
databases as instructional tools. This system is in use in
Idaho, Maryland, and the metropolitan New York area, among
others.
There is also a Learning Link (Local) for the New York City area.
The contact person is Ellen Chass at 212/560-6613.
NASA Spacelink
Mail Code CA20
Public Affairs Department
George C. Marshall Space Flight Center
Huntsville, AL 35812
205/544-0038
Contact: Jeff Ehmen
This database offer easy access to current and historical
information on NASA aeronautical and space research. Classroom
activities incorporate information in NASA projects to teach a
number of scientific principles. All data and news are updated
daily. Access is free.
NSFNet
MERIT
National Science Foundation
1075 Beal Avenue
NDSB Bldg.
Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2112
800/666-3748
Contact: Ken Horning
The National Science Foundation Network is a general purpose
internet providing access to scientific computing resources data
and information. It was initially organized and is partially
funded by the National Sciences Foundation. Based on a backbone
connecting supercomputer centers, NSFNet combined existing
networks into an internet. NSFNet serves as the national U.S.
research network by allowing access to NSF-funded computers and
other scientific resources. NSFNet is managed by Merit, Inc., a
consortium of eight Michigan universities in partnership with the
State of Michigan, IBM, and MCI. Merit re-engineered and now
manages the backbone, along with the project's partners through
its strategic fund.
OERI Toll-Free Bulletin Board System
Office of Educational Research and Improvement
U.S. Department of Education
Information Technology Branch
555 New Jersey Ave., NW
Washington, DC 20208-5725
202/357-6256
Contact: Joyce Benton
The United States Department of Education maintains this toll-
free bulletin board featuring e-mail and conferencing for
administrators, teachers, and others involved in education.
Conference areas have been established by topic area, such as
math, reading, and international exchange. Educators can also
download files of interest. The Department of Education
maintains three other boards run on Compuserve, GTE, or Alanet
(American Library Association Network).
OASIS (On-Line Academic Software Information System)
Educational Computing Network
Governor State University
University Park, IL 60466
708/534-0209
Contact: Adalma Stevens
OASIS is an on-line catalog of current academic software packages
for higher education. This is sponsored by the Illinois
Educational Consortium and access is free.
PSI-NET
Center for Teacher Education
Drake University
Des Moines, IA 50311
515/271-3912
Contact: Jack Gerlovich
PSI-NET (People Sharing Information Network) is a
telecommunications network for science educators built and
available through IBM. It is organized by subject area into
conferences. One application of the PSI-NET system is a network
started by the Council of State Science Supervisors called CSSS
network. CSSS network operates out of Ames, Iowa, and links all
50 states. Six intrastate networks link with the hub in Ames,
including California, North Carolina, Florida, Montana,
Minnesota, and Iowa
UNIBASE
3002 Harding Street
Regina, Saskatchewan
Canada
S4P 0Y4
306/729-9007
Contact: Leigh Calnek
UNIBASE is a dial-in system in Saskatchewan, Canada, that
supports K-12 educational experiences. It provides teacher
resource materials in health, special education, and science,
databases of software and hardware abstracts, and current years
of ERIC CIJE, and more. UNIBASE also serves as a hub for a
distributed full-text document database. The articles are loaded
into the "Electronic Library" and classified according to the
Dewey Decimal System. Abstracts or full-text articles are
available to browse or download. Access to Unibase!Library is
open to anyone. UNIBASE also supports a full-conferencing
system, including those that originate at other networks. The
UNIBASE Distributed Course Management System, to support courses
in rural areas, will be introduced in Fall 1990.
USA Today/Apple College Network
USA Today
Educational Services
1000 Wilson Blvd.
Arlington, VA 22229
703/276-5894
Contact: Matt Hickey
Through this network, schools retrieve high-quality news,
information, and graphics in use by the Gannett newspapers by
downloading the articles from a Macintosh bulletin board. Nearly
200 colleges and junior colleges subscribe to the network.
Interns at USA Today scan the news services for articles and
graphics they think might interest subscribers, and post these to
the bulletin board.
Public Networks and Databases
BIX
One Phoenix Mill Lane
Petersborough, NH 03458
800/227-2983
Contact: Steven Laliberte
The Byte Information Exchange is an on-line computer conferencing
system that offers conferences, vendor-support, access to
experts, current updates on the computer industry, databases for
products and systems, and public domain software. It is run in
conjunction with BYTE Magazine and charges an annual or quarterly
fee.
Cleveland Free-Net System
Case Western Reserve
319 Wickenden
Cleveland, OH 44106
216/368-5121
Contact: Tom Grundner
The Cleveland Free-Net System is available to Cleveland residents
or users who have access to the Internet. It is maintained by
Case Western University. It provides information on most aspects
of community life, including government, administration, schools,
medical issues, libraries, and recreation. It is an easy-to-use,
menu-driven system. For example, school information and related
projects can be found under a menu option entitled,
"Schoolhouse."
Compuserve
5000 Arlington Center Blvd.
P.O. Box 20212
Columbus, OH 43220
800/848-8199
Contact: Vicky Young
This service provides comprehensive and varied information, such
as on-line databases dealing with news, financial services,
travel reservations, and forums and conferences dealing with
computer and telecommunications software. Educational forums are
established for a variety of educational fields, including
science, math, space, astronomy, and computing. Compuserve
provides access to IQuest, one of the largest databases in the
world. IQuest is an information retrieval system that provides
access to 800 databases, including DIALOG, ORBIT, and Grolier's
Academic American Encyclopedia.
DELPHI
Three Blackstone Street
Cambridge, MA 02139
800/544-4005
Contact: Kevin Plankey
This is a multi-interest computer information service that
provides e-mail, encyclopedia, news, games, travel information,
etc., to its members worldwide. Users are charge a sign-up fee
and hourly connect charges.
DIALOG
Dialog Information Services, Inc.
3460 Hillview Avenue
Palo Alto, CA 94304
800/334-2564
Contact: Ann Caputo
DIALOG, with over 370 databases, bills itself as the world's
largest on-line "knowledgebank." Some of its features include:
DIALINDEX, a master index of all databases; OneSearch, enables
concurrent searching of up to 20 files; First Release, provides
up-to-the-minute news; and DIALORDERS, with which full-text
abstracts may be ordered online. DIALOG also offers a low-cost,
after-hours, alternative called Knowledge Index which provides
access to some of DIALOG's more popular database.
Dow Jones News/Retrieval
Box 300
Princeton, NJ 08540
609/452-1511
Contact: Cathy Boyle
This news retrieval service allows access to business and
financial information from over 50 databases, including general
news, weather, and an on-line encyclopedia.
Federalist Bulletin Board System
Political Science Dept.
Oklahoma State University
Stillwater, OK 74078
405/744-5569
The Oklahoma State University's Political Science Department,
with support from the Commission on the Bicentennial of the U.S.,
has set up a free 24-hour bulletin board for educators and
students interested in the U.S. Constitution and the Federalist
Papers. Essays and classroom materials devoted to constitutional
issues are available for downloading. Registered users can leave
messages for political science faculty and other users. GEnie
401 N. Washington St.
Rockville, MD 20850
800/638-9636
Contact: Client Services
The GEnie (GE Network for Information Exchange) network provides
hundreds of services, including conferencing, special interest
groups, education round tables for the education community, and
information retrieval in the finance, news, travel, shopping,
reference, and entertainment areas. Computer-Assisted Learning
Center (CALC) provides homework and tutoring, continuing
education, self-enrichment, and college-level courses for credit.
Students may study toward associate or bachelor degrees, offered
by Edison State College in New Jersey. Other CALC services
include downloadable software, libraries, quizzes, a student
union "chat," and academic and career counseling.
Legi-Slate
111 Massachusetts Avenue, NW
Washington, DC 20001
800/877-6999
Contact: Ann Harris
Legi-Slate is The Washington Post Company's on-line service
covering Congress and the Federal Register. It provides detailed
information about current and past legislation in the U.S.
Congress. Verbatim transcripts are available online, including
selected committee hearings from both the House and the Senate,
news briefings from the White House, the Pentagon, and the State,
Commerce, Justice, Treasury, and Energy Departments. Speeches,
press conferences, and interviews from the President, cabinet
secretaries, and other administration officials are also
available online, as are transcripts from television news and
interview programs, including "Face the Nation," "Meet the
Press," CNN's major news interviews, "This Week with David
Brinkley," "Good Morning America," "Morning News," "Today," and
"Worldnet." It offers a Voting Analysis Service, searchable by
subject, date, bill number, and committee, and a Congressional
Service that provides a subject index and the full text of all
versions of every bill since 1979. Today's and yesterday's
Federal Registers are also available online in full text.
Maxwell Online, Inc.
Suite 400
8000 Westpark Drive
McLean, VA 22102
800/456-7248
Contact: Mary Ann Nash
This database service is comprised of several separate
operations: ORBIT Search, which contains more than 100 databases
of chemistry, energy, and earth science, health, safety, and the
environment, engineering and electronics information; BRS
Information Technologies has four product lines: BRS/Search
Service contains more than 150 databases, concentrating primarily
on the medical field, biomedical research, social sciences,
business, and engineering; BRS Colleague, designed specifically
for physicians and researchers, contains over 40 databases
related to the health care industry; BRS/After Dark provides
reduced rates for a limited database access during off hours; BRS
Search is a full-text retrieval software package; and Pergaman
Search Center, which focuses on patents and trademarks. An
Educator Line is geared to educators in K-12 to do their own
searches for research or classroom instruction.
NewsNet
945 Haverford Road
Bryn Mawr, PA 19010
800/345-1301
Contact: Customer Service
This full-text database contains business information including
over 300 industry newsletters and wire services.
PeaceNet-EcoNet-HomeoNet-ConflictNet
IGC Networks
Institute for Global Communications
3228 Sacramento Street
San Francisco, CA 94115
415/923-0900
Contact: Geoff Sears
These four networks represent the U.S. portion of the APC Network
(Association for Progressive Communications), which consists of
seven members worldwide, all of whom cooperate to provide
services internationally. The bulletin-board style networks
provide vehicles for world discussions on peace, the environment,
homeopathic medicine, and conflict resolution. Users have access
to e-mail, conferences, and a user directory.
VENDOR-SPECIFIC COMMERCIAL NETWORKS
America Online
8619 Westwood Center Drive
Vienna, VA 22180
800/545-5047
Contact: Danette Carroll
Previously known as Applelink Personal Edition, this on-line
service provides e-mail, bulletin boards, conferences, a
reference library, an encyclopedia, and guest speakers about
products and home use to the Apple user community.
ISAAC (Information System for Advanced Academic Computing)
Mailstop FC-06
University of Washington
Seattle, WA 98195
206/543-5604
Contact: Tracy Maury
ISAAC is funded by IBM and is run out of the University of
Washington in Seattle. It provides two services. A series of
databases provide IBM-specific information on hardware and
software to higher education institutions. A second service is
to the conferencing/forum facility provided for educators to hold
IBM-related discussions.
EDUCATIONAL NETWORKING PROJECTS
Apple Global Educational Network
AGE Product
Apple Computer Inc.
20525 Mariani Avenue
Cupertino, CA 95014
408/974-2872
Contact: Martin Engel
Apple Global Education (AGE) Network is a project being developed
by Apple Computer Research to connect the students of the world
using Applelink. It supports e-mail, file transfer, libraries,
and bulletin boards. AGE projects will address social issues,
pollution issues, demographics, recipes, and mathematical problem
solving. AGE will provide the platform for various learning
resources. It will include, for example, ecology databases,
polar explorer's daily logs, and Greenpeace agendas.
AT&T Learning Network
AT&T P.O. Box 4012
Bridgewater, NJ 08807-4012
800/367-7225
Contact: Robert Brand
The AT&T Learning Network joins students who share common
interests from the U.S., Canada, Australia, France, West Germany,
the Netherlands, and Japan into learning circles. Students in
elementary through high school classes join learning circles such
as Computer Chronicles, Global Issues, Energy Works, Society
Problems, Mind Works, and Places and Perspectives. AT&T provides
the support, direction, and timeline for the learning circle
curriculum. As of Spring 1990, there were 32 learning circles
operating. The AT&T Learning Network was previously know as the
Long Distance Learning Network, and prior to that, the
InterCultural Learning Network.
BreadNet
Suite 600
1250 24th St., NW
Washington, DC 20037
202/466-0533
Contact: Bill Wright
Organized in 1984 by the Bread Loaf School of English at
Middlebury College, this network links teachers and students in
isolated areas for educational projects. During the summer
months, the BreadNet Staff operates out of the Bread Loaf School
of English, Rural Station, Middlebury, VT 05753, 802/388-7945.
Campus 2000
British Telecom
London, England
Contact: Gordon Jones
British Telecom provides the local connection for schools to
participate in e-mail, conferencing, and database searches
through special learning activities. Costs are incurred for log-
on time, which must occur during school hours.
Computer Pals Across the World
Box 1206
Lake Oswego, OR 97035
503/691-1689
Contact: Emily Valdez
Started in 1984, this project connects students around the world
in one of the largest pen-pal activities. Basically, it is an
international writing program where classes from different
schools are matched, based on age and special interests.
Computer Pal's main goals are to improve written communication
skills, provide an opportunity for cultural exchange, motivate
less-interested students, and familiarize students with the use
of international telecommunications. Participants include
students in grades 3 through 12, plus college students. This
network will be down through the summer months and will be up and
running by late August 1990. Educational Native American Network (ENAN)
Center for Technology and Education
Student Services Center
B88
University of New Mexico
Albuquerque, NM 87131
505/277-9441
Contact: Jack Gittinger
A project of the Bureau of Indian Affairs, the University of New
Mexico, and Tandy, ENAN was originally targeted for Native
American Schools. With approval, others may access this network
for discussions and information, to converse with Native American
children (Zuni, Navajo, etc), and for university courses offered
by the University of New Mexico.
KIDSNET
Department of Physics and Astronomy
University of Pittsburgh
Pittsburgh. PA 15260
412/624-9027
Contact: Robert D. Carlitz
The KIDSNET Mailing List has been operating since May 8, 1989.
Its goal is to create an international network for children and
their teachers. It is open to anyone interested in education and
networking topics. The mailing list includes a few hundred
sites, from which information is redistributed to other sites.
Members include students, teachers, school administrators,
educators, scientists and sociologists from universities,
programmers, hardware designers and network architects from
industry, funding agencies, children, and parents.
The National Geographic Kids Network
National Geographic Society
Educational Media Division
17th and M Streets, NW
Washington, DC 20036
800/342-4660
Contact: Elizabeth Hossli
Funded by the National Science Foundation, the National
Geographic Society, and the Technical Education Research Centers,
Inc., The National Geographic Kids Network provides a set of
prescribed materials and activities designed for classroom use.
Students in the U.S. Canada, and Japan share data and scientific
research, pose questions, and communicate with research
scientists.
NYCENet
34-65 192nd Street
Flushing, NY 11358
718/461-8756
Contact: Fred Goldberg
Bulletin boards, databases, curriculum guides, and computer
conferencing are supplied by the New York City Educational
Network, which is run by the New York City Board of Education.
The network also supports class projects in the New York City
schools.
OASIS (Overseas American Schools Information Services)
International Telecomputing Consortium
Suite 600
1250 24th Street, NW
Washington, DC 20037
202/466-0533
Contact: Bill Wright
The International Telecomputing Consortium (ITC) is a nonprofit
group whose goal is to support the electronic networking needs of
rural and overseas teachers. ITC has plans to implement a
network called OASIS to meet this need. It is investigating low-
cost methods of linking international sites, including
distributed conferencing and packet radio.
Science by Mail
Museum of Science
Science Park, MA
800/729-3300
Contact: Stephen Brandt
This pen-pal project brings together scientists and thousands of
4th through 9th grade children. Three science challenges are
presented to the children each year, and they return their
results in various forms (reports, video, audio-tapes, and
drawings). Science by Modem and Science by Fax are proposed for
the future.
TERC Star Schools Project
1696 Massachusetts Avenue
Cambridge, MA 02183
617/547-0430
Contact: Cecilia Lenk
Science and math classes in grades 7 through 12 use
telecommunications to undertake large, cooperative
investigations/projects. Results are shared among students,
professors, and scientist nationwide. Currently, 1800 students
and 600 teachers participate on the network. TERC develops the
curricula and assists with implementation through resource
centers around the country that teach and train teachers on
curriculum usage. Classes select a module and participate in a
four-week project. Funding is provided through the U.S.
Department of Education Star Schools program.
APPENDIX B - CONTACT PERSONS
ALASKA
UACN
University of Alaska Computer Network
Tom Healy
Director of Computing Center
UACN
303 Tanana Drive
Fairbanks, AK 99775-5180
907/474-6280
ARIZONA
EdLink
Department of Education Network
John Cikelo
1900 West Thomas Avenue
Phoenix, AZ 85015
602/255-5061
Arizona Statewide Telecommunications Network
Kathryn Kilroy
Arizona Department of Education
1535 West Jefferson Street
Phoenix, AZ 85007
602/542-5040
COLORADO
UNC Telecommunications System
Lynn Thompson
WIDE
425 McKee Hall
University of Northern Colorado
Greeley, CO 80639303/351/2217
CONNECTICUT
Statenet
Daniel Colarusso
Executive Director
Office of Informations and Technology
Office of Policy and Management
State of Connecticut
80 Washington Street
Hartford, CT 06106
203/566-4310
SNET Links to Learning
Tom Buckley
SNET
227 Church Street
New Haven, CT 06506
203/771-3115
DELAWARE
Statewide Telecommunications Network
Thomas F. Brennan
Director of Computing Services
Department of Public Instruction
Townsend Building
P.O. Box 1402
Dover, DE 19903
302/736-3721
FLORIDA
FIRN
Florida Information Resource Network
Bill Schmid
Director of FIRN
Florida Educational Center
Tallahassee, FL 32399
904/487-0911
GEORGIA
GC EduNET
Georgia College Educator's Network
Frank Lowney
System Administrator
Georgia College Educator's Network
School of Education
Georgia College
Milledgeville, GA 31061
912/453-4546
GEIS
Georgia Educational Information System
Les Butler
Assistant State Superintendent for Technology Services
Georgia Department of Education
1554 East Tower
Atlanta, GA 30334
404/656-2435
University of Georgia, College of Education Bulletin Board
James Aberson
232 Aderhold Hall
University of Georgia
Athens, GA 30602
404/542-8824
HAWAII
ChemNet
John Southworth
University of Hawaii Lab School
Curriculum R and D Group
College of Education
University of Hawaii
Honolulu, HI 96822
808/948-6871
TELEclass
The Hawaii Global TELEclass Project
John Wollstein
TELEclass International
1103 9th Avenue
Honolulu, HI 96816
808/733-2007
IDAHO
First Year Teacher Project
Holly Anderson
College of Education
Boise State University
1910 University Drive
Boise, ID 83725
208/385-3683
ILLINOIS
Distance Learning Network
Steve Crady
Director
Distance Learning Network
Illinois Central College
One College Drive
East Peoria, IL 61635
309/694-5231
Electronic Educational Service Centers
Richard DeHart
Assessment Consultant
Student Assessment Section
Illinois State Board of Education
100 North First Street
Springfield, IL 62777-0001
217/782-4823
INDIANA
ESD
Electronic School District
Michael Halla
University Computing Services
1000 East 17th Street
Bloomington, IN 47405
812/855-2222
IDEAnet
Mike Huffman
Director
Educational Information System
State House
Indianapolis, IN 46204-2798
317/232-0808
Intelenet
Mark Commons
Executive Director
INTELENET Commissions
17 West Market St.
Indianapolis, IN 46204-2929
317/685-8990
IOWA
Interactive Computer Conferencing and Electronic Distribution
System
William P. Callahan
Associate Dean
College of Education
University of Northern Iowa
Cedar Falls, IA 50614
319/273-2719
ICN - Iowa Communications Netork
Tony Crandall
Project Manager
Hoover Building
General Services
Des Moines, IA 50319
515/281-3336
Kirkwood Community College Network
Orville Thein
Director
Telecommunications Services
Kirkwood Community College
6201 Kirkwood Blvd., SW
Cedar Falls, IA 52406
319/398-5663
KANSAS
UNITE
Unified Network for Information in Teacher Education
Ronald Aust
Instructional Technology Center
Bailey Annex
University of Kansas
Lawrence, KS 66045
913/864-3057
KENTUCKY
KENS
Kentucky Educational Networking System
H.M. Snodgrass
Associate Superintendent for Research and Planning
Capitol Plaza Tower
Frankfort, KY 40601
501/564-6900
MAINE
ME-LINK
Cathy Glaude
Maine Computer Consortium
P.O. Box 620
Auburn, ME 04212
207/783-0833
The Community College of Maine
Pamela S. MacBrayne
Executive Director of Distance Education
University of Maine at Augusta
Augusta, ME 04330
207/622-7131
MARYLAND
METNET
Patricia Mullinex
Maryland Instructional Technologies
11767 Bonita Avenue
Owings Mills, MD 21117
301/581-4350
MASSACHUSETTS
The Beginning Teacher Computer Network
Diane Beals
Harvard University
Graduate School of Education
224 Longfellow Hall
Appian Way
Cambridge, MA 02138617/495-3498
SCHOLE
Boston University School of Education
Gerald S. Fain
Director
Boston University
School of Education
Schole Office
605 Commonwealth Avenue
Boston, MA 02215
617/353-3295
MINNESOTA
STARS
Statewide Telecommunications Access and Routing System
Bob Fischer
STARS Division Director
State of Minnesota
Department of Administration
InterTechnologies Group
500 Centennial Office Building
658 Cedar Street
St. Paul, MN 55155
612/296-6428
MONTANA
Big Sky Telegraph
Frank Odasz
Big Sky Telegraph
Western Montana College
Dillon, Montana 59725
406/683-7338
NEBRASKA
Statewide Network
Wayne Fisher
Technical Coordinator
NDE Technology Center
301 Centennial Mall South
Lincoln, NE 68509-4987
402/471-2918
NEW HAMPSHIRE
EDLINK
Larry Vaughn
Executive Director
Governor's Initiative Office
36 South Road
Londonderry, NH 03053
603/432-6779
NEW JERSEY
ETN-Education Technology Network
Theodore Smorodin
Educational Technology Specialist
New Jersey State Department of Education
225 West State Street
Trenton, NJ 08625-0500
609/984-1905
NEW MEXICO
TECHNET
Art St. George
2701 Campus Blvd., NE
Albuquerque, NM 87131
505/277-8046
NEW YORK
Teacher Resource Centers' Electronic Network
Helen Hartle
Office of Staff Development
New York State Education Department
Room 9D 58 CEC
Empire State Plaza
Albany, NY 12230
518/473-1234
TNT
Technology Network Ties
Michael S. Radlick
Director
New York State Education Department
Office of Elementary and Secondary Educational Planning
Testing and Technology Services
Room 867
Albany, NY 12234
518/473-9106
NORTH CAROLINA
WCU MicroNet
Western Carolina University MicroNet
Lewis Sutton
WCU MicroNet
NS 316
Western Carolina University
Cullowhee, NC 28723
704/227-7633
NORTH DAKOTA
ND HECN
North Dakota Higher Education Computer Network
Dale Vetter
Director of Computing Center
University of North Dakota
P.O. Box 8218
Grand Forks, ND 58202
701/777-3789
OHIO
Ohio Education Computer Network
Jim Daubenmire
Assistant Director
Ohio Department of Education
Division of Computer Services
180 E. Engler Street
Columbus, OH 43266-0552
614/466-7000
OREGON
Ed-Net
Integrated Statewide Telecommunications Network
Dave Tilden
Office of Educational Policy and Planning
225 Winter Street, NE
Salem, OR 97310
503/378-3921
PENNSYLVANIA
PENN*LINK
Department of Education Computer Network
Ann Winter
Pennsylvania Department of Education
333 Market Street
Harrisburg, PA 17126-0333
717/787-2644
SOUTH CAROLINA
CUFAN-Clemson's Forestry and Agriculture Network
Jerry R. Lambert
McAdams Hall
Clemson University
Clemson, SC 29634
803/656-4063
TEXAS
SchooLINC
School Interactive Network Consortium
Linda Lloyd
Texas Association of School Boards
P.O. Box 2947
Austin, TX 78768
512/467-0222
TEA-NET
Texas Education Agency Network
Connie Stout
Division of Educational Technology
Texas Education Agency
1701 North Congress Avenue
Austin, TX 78701
512/463-9087
VIRGINIA
Teacher LINK
Judi Harris
Curry School of Education
University of Virginia
405 Emmet Street
Charlottesville, VA 22903
804/924-7471
VT-HSNet
Virginia Tech K-12 Computer Network Project
Phillip Bowden
Communications Resources
Virginia Tech
Blacksburg, VA 24061703/231-6460
WEST VIRGINIA
WV Administrative Network
John McClure
State Computer Network Coordinator
West Virginia Department of Education
Capitol Complex
1900 Kanwha East
Charleston, WV 25305
304/348-2691
WVMEN
West Virginia Microcomputer Educational Network
Brenda Williams
State Computer Network Coordinator
West Virginia Department of Education
Capitol Complex
1900 Kanwha East
Charleston, WV 25305
304/348-7880
APPENDIX C - MAJOR REFERENCES
Our research into current information about telecommunications
networks uncovered over 150 journal articles, books, and other
publications. Several of these references are exceptional in
terms of their comprehensive and current informational about
networks and/or education and are recommended for further
reading.
!%@::A Directory of Electronic Mail
Frey, Donnalyn and Rick Adams, August 1989
Published by O'Reilly & Associates, Inc.
632 Petaluma Avenue, Sebastopol, CA 95472.
This handbook of e-mail addressing and networks contains
descriptions of 103 major e-mail networks worldwide. Addressing,
architecture, future plans, and a geographic map are included
with each network description. An introduction to e-mail is also
included.
The Electronic School: Innovative Uses of Technology in Education
Sponsored by the National School Boards Association's Institute
for the Transfer of Technology to Education, September 1989.
This publication is a series of articles that discusses distance
learning via satellite, computer networks, and interactive video,
and describes the implementation of this technology in schools.
Linking for Learning
U.S. Congress, Office of Technology Assessment, OTA-SET-430,
Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, November 1989.
This resource documents distance education activities in today's
classrooms. State-by-state profiles and federal and state involvement
in distance education are included.
The Matrix, Computer Networks and Conferencing Systems Worldwide
Quarterman, John S. 1990.
Digital Press, 12 Crosby Drive, Bedford, MA 01730.
An introduction and reference to worldwide data communications
networks, this book is a comprehensive resource of international,
national, regional, academic, and corporate networks and includes
sections which discuss networks, layer, and management protocols.
Power On! New Tools for Teaching and Learning
U.S. Congress, Office of Technology Assessment, OTA-SET-379,
Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, September 1988.
The report examines developments in the use of computer-based
technologies, analyzes key trends in hardware and software
development, evaluates the capability of technology to improve
learning in many areas, and explores ways to substantially
increase student access to technology. The role of the teacher,
training needs, and the impact of federal support for educational
technology research and development are also reviewed.
Telecommunications in the Classroom
Clark, Chris, Barbara Kurshan, and Sharon Yoder, 1989.
Co-published by Computer Learning Foundation, P.O. Box 60007,
Palo Alto, CA 94306-0007, and International Society for
Technology in Education (ISTE), University of Oregon, 1787 Agate
Street, Eugene, OR 97403.
The bulk of this telecommunications guide for educators is
devoted to lesson plans from the Teacher Telecommunications
Lesson Plans Contest. A listing of educational computer
services, electronic networks and exploratory projects, as well
as a history of telecommunications and system terminology, are
also included.
REFERENCES
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"Administrative Computing Services." UACN Report #131. Fairbanks,
AK: UACN, January 1989.
Ainsley, Lucy E. "Planning for K-12 Technological Change."
Proceedings of The Sixth International Conference on Technology
and Education. March 1989, Vol. 1, pp. 538-540.
"Alaska Teleconferencing Network: Instructional Teleconferencing
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"AlaskaNet: Access to UACN." UACN Report #127. Fairbanks,
AK:UACN.
Ameen, Richard. Survey response. March 1990.
"an Abstract of a Networking Project." EDTECH Electronic mail.
July 5, 1989.
"Arizona EdLINK." February 1990. Vol 1, No. 2.
Aust, Ronald. Telephone conversation. March 1990.
Aust, Ronald. Personal communication. March 1990.
Aust, Ronald, Edward L. Meyen, and Gary Coy. "UNITE: Unified
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and Brief.
"Arizona EdLINK." February 1990, Vol. 5, No 2.
Baird, William E. "National Educational Computing Conference '87
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Barker, Bruce O. "Technological Innovations Implicating
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Basham, David. EDTECH Electronic Mail. March 1990.
Bates, A.W., The Role of Technology in Distance Education. New
York: St. Martin's Press, 1984.
Bauer, Brian. Survey response. February 1990.
Beals, Diane. "Computer-Mediated Communication Among Teachers."
Qualifying paper, June 1989.
Beals, Diane. Personal communication. March 1990.
Beals, Diane. Telephone conversation. March 1990.
Beazley, Malcolm R. "Reading for a Real Reason: Computer Pals
Across the World." Journal of Reading. April 1989, pp. 598-605.
Beckham, Bonnie. "Networking Brown University." T.H.E. Journal.
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Bennett, Belinda. Telephone conversation, April 1990.
Berg, Paul K. "Computers in the Schools of Rural Alaska."
Intelligent Schoolhouse: Readings on Computers and Learning. Dale
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236.
Birkhead, Evan. "Technology Update." T.H.E. Journal. April 1986,
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Borgrink, Henry. Survey response. March 1990.
Brand, Stephen. DISTED Electronic Journal. October 1989, Item #5.
Brennan, Thomas F. Telephone conversation. April 1990.
Bruder, Isabelle. "Industry News." Electronic Learning.
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"California State University, San Bernadino." Cause/Effect.
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Callahan, William P. Telephone conversation. February 1990.
Callahan, William P., and Michael D. Wagoner. "Development of a
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Carlitz, Robert. Kidsnet Electronic mail. May 1990.
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Cassell, Gerald L. Survey response. February 1990.
Charp, Sylvia, and I.J. Hines. "The Basic Principles of
Networking." T.H.E. Journal. April 1988, pp. 94-98.
Cikelo, John. Telephone conversation. March 1990.
Cikelo, John. "Arizona EdLINK: An Overview." Personal
communication February 1990.
Clark, Chris, Barbara Kurshan, and Sharon Yoder.
Telecommunications in the Classroom. Palo Alto, CA: Computer
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Technology in Education, 1989.
Cohen, Moshe, and Naomi Miyaki. "A Worldwide Intercultural
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Colarusso, Daniel. Telephone conversation, April 1990.
Commons, Mark. Telephone conversation. April 1990.
"The Community College of Maine: An Introduction." Augusta, ME:
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Computers in Mathematics and Science. Winter 1987/88, Vol. 7,
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Proceedings of the Seventh International Conference on Technology
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"Contributors." Intelligent Schoolhouse: Readings on Computers
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Cooper, Greg. Electronic mail, February, 1990
Crady, Stephen. Telephone conversation. March 1990.
Cruz, Ernestine A. Survey response. March 1990.
Curry, Diane. The Customer Connection: Data Transfer at Indiana
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Czech, David. "Fax, TV, and the Remote Classroom." T.H.E.
Journal. April 1989, pp. 69-72.
"Dallas Community College District." Cause/Effect. Spring 1989,
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"Data Networks: Intercommunications to UACN." UACN Report #132.
Fairbanks, AK: UACN.
DeFanti, Thomas A, and Maxine Brown. "Scientific Animation
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DeHart, Richard. Personal communication. March 1990.
DeHart, Richard. Survey response. March 1990.
DeHart, Richard. Telephone conversation. March 1990.
Dennison, Corley F., III. "Almost Heaven - Satellite Delivered
Education in West Virginia." Via Satellite. November 1989, pp.
29-31.
DeStefano, Johanna S. "The Growth of English and the Language of
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Technology and Education. March 1989, Vol. 1, pp. 445-448.
"Distance Education: Linking Learning and Lives." Electronic
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DISTED Electronic Journal. December 1989.
DISTED Electronic Journal. July 1989.
DISTED Electronic Journal. May 1989.
DISTED Electronic Journal. December, 1988
DISTED Electronic Journal. October 1988.
Donchev, D. and M. Dragnov. "Technologies and Education: Aspects of
of Content and an Approach to Implementing them in the
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452-457.
Dowd, C.M. "Hello Out There: One School's Approach to Distance
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Dumont, Bernard. "New Technologies and Education at I.N.R.P."
Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Technology
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Edgar, B.J. Distance Education: Grande Prairie School District."
Educational Facility Planner. January/February 1990, p. 38.
EDTECH Archives. January 1990.
EDTECH Archives. December 1989.
EDTECH Archives. November 1989.
EDTECH Archives. October 1989.
EDTECH Archives. September 1989
EDTECH Archives. August 1989.
EDTECH Archives. July 1989.
EDTECH Archives. May 1989.
EDTECH Archives. February 1989.
EDTECH Archives. December 1988.
EDTECH Archives. October 1988.
EDUCOM's Directory of Members, Programs, & Projects, 1989-1990.
Princeton, New Jersey: EDUCOM, 1989.
EDUCOM Review. Vol. 24, No. 4, Winter 1989.
EduNET News. Vol. 2, No. 1, Fall 1989.
Electronic Learning. February 1990.
Electronic Learning. January 1990.
The Electronic School - Innovative Uses of Technology in
Education. Washington, DC: National School Boards Association.
September 1989.
Epley, Carl. "Virginia Tech's K-12 School Network Project." Staff
paper. November 1989.
Erickson, Don G. Survey response. March 1990.
Erickson, Don G. Telephone conversation. April 1990.
Erwin, J. Computer Pals Across the World." Proceedings of the
Sixth International Conference on Technology and Education. March
1989. Vol. 1, p. 325.
The Executive Educator. September 1989.
Fain, Gerald S. Personal communication. April 1990.
Fain, Gerald S. Telephone conversation. April 1990.
Fain, Gerald S. "Vertically Integrated Telecommunications
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"Five Year Strategic Plan: Phase I, Concept Paper." Tallahassee,
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"Florida Information Resource Network: Annual Report."
Tallahassee, FL. FIRN, February 1990.
"Florida Information Resource Network: Electronic Mail."
Tallahassee, FL. FIRN, January 1990.
"Florida Information Resource Network: Florida's Growing Resource
Network." Tallahassee, FL. FIRN.
"Florida Information Resource Network: Microcomputer User's
Guide." Tallahassee, FL. FIRN, January 1990.
"Florida Information Resource Network: Yellow Pages."
Tallahassee, FL. FIRN, January 1990.
"Florida-England Connection Project." Excerpts from the Teacher's
Manual. Panhandle Center for Excellence in Mathematics, Science,
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Foster, D.L., J.S. Pollard, and L. Lloyd. "SCHOOLINC (School
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1990,Vol. 2, pp. 153-155.
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The Futurist. January/February 1990, p. 43.
Gardner, Hal. "Satellite Learning Takes Off." Via Satellite.
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Gruver, Howell. Survey response. March 1990.
Hall, Keith A. Electronic Mail. February 1990.
Halla, Michael. Electronic Mail. February 1990.
Halla, Michael. Personal communication. March 1990.
Halla, Michael, Bob Percival, and Marsha Snyder. "The Electronic
School District: A Statewide Computer Network for Public School."
University Computing Times. October 1989, pp. 19-21.
Hammond, Morrison F. "The Use of Telecommunications in Australian
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Hancock, Joelie. "Learning with Databases." Journal of Reading.
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Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on
Technology and Education. March 1989. Vol. 1, pp. 313-316.
Harris, Judith B., and Glen L. Bull. "The Electronic Academical
Village:Creating Proximity Electronically for Culture Building."
Conference Proceedings of the International Symposium on
Telecommunications in Education. 1989.
Haynes, L.L., and C.D. Stout. "Telecommunications: A Tool to Link
Educators." Proceedings of the Seventh International Conference
on Technology and Education. March 1990, Vol. 2, pp/ 546-548.
Healy, Thomas. Electronic mail. March 1990.
Healy, Thomas. Personal communication. April 1990.
The Heller Report. January 1990.
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Proceedings of the 1988 CAUSE Conference.
Holden, Constance. "Computes Make Slow Progress in Class."
Science. Vol. 244, May 26, 1989, pp. 906-909.
Holden, Constance. "Here and There, A Few Bold Experiments."
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Holt, Smith L. "The Future According to Pogo." T.H.E. Journal.
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Hummel, Roger G. "PENN-LINK Overview." March 1990.
Hummel, Roger G. Survey response. March 1990.
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the Sixth International Conference on Technology and Education.
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"In-Service Teacher Education Via Computer-based
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